OK
https://earthrights.org/publication/school-for-rape/
Myanmar (Burma)
Country
Network
September 28, 2025, 11:48 AM UTC
Date & Time
Websites
Websites
Runtime: 950ms
On September 28, 2025, 11:48 AM UTC, https://earthrights.org/publication/school-for-rape/ was accessible when tested on 136255 in Myanmar (Burma).

Failures

HTTP Experiment
null
DNS Experiment
null
Control
null

DNS Queries

Resolver:
146.88.41.85
Query:
IN A earthrights.org
Engine:
system
Name
Class
TTL
Type
DATA
@
IN
A
23.185.0.1
Query:
IN AAAA earthrights.org
Engine:
system
Name
Class
TTL
Type
DATA
@
IN
AAAA
2620:12a:8000::1
@
IN
AAAA
2620:12a:8001::1

TCP Connections

Connection to 2620:12a:8001::1:443 succeeded.
Connection to 2620:12a:8000::1:443 succeeded.
Connection to 23.185.0.1:443 succeeded.

HTTP Requests

URL
GET https://earthrights.org/publication/school-for-rape/
Response Headers
Accept-Ranges:
bytes
Age:
299707
Cache-Control:
public, max-age=604800
Content-Length:
88548
Content-Type:
text/html; charset=UTF-8
Date:
Sun, 28 Sep 2025 11:48:34 GMT
Link:
<https://earthrights.org/wp-json/>; rel="https://api.w.org/"
Server:
nginx
Strict-Transport-Security:
max-age=300
Vary:
Accept-Encoding, Cookie, Cookie
Via:
1.1 varnish, 1.1 varnish
X-Cache:
HIT, HIT
X-Cache-Hits:
4, 0
X-Pantheon-Styx-Hostname:
styx-fe1-a-5678c57974-7dq7s
X-Served-By:
cache-chi-kigq8000157-CHI, cache-sin-wsss1830093-SIN
X-Styx-Req-Id:
40a9d2bf-99a7-11f0-b597-8e97b5691f24
X-Timer:
S1759060115.823812,VS0,VE8
Response Body


    
    


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html  xmlns="https://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en-US">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8" />
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=0" />

        <!--[if IE]>
        <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1" />
        <![endif]-->

        
        <title>
        School for Rape | EarthRights International        </title>
        
        <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="EarthRights International RSS Feed" href="https://earthrights.org/feed/">
        <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="EarthRights International Atom Feed" href="https://earthrights.org/feed/atom/">
        <link rel="pingback" href="https://earthrights.org/xmlrpc.php">
         <!--[if lte IE 11]>
         <link rel='stylesheet' href='https://earthrights.org/wp-content/themes/eri_v2/stylesheet/css/ie.css' />
         <![endif]-->

         <!--[if lte IE 9]>
         <script src="THEME_JS/html5shiv.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
         <![endif]-->

         <!--[if lte IE 8]>
            <script type="text/javascript" src="https://earthrights.org/wp-content/themes/eri_v2/js/respond.js"></script>
         <![endif]-->

        <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.youtube.com/player_api"></script>
        <script type="text/javascript" src="https://f.vimeocdn.com/js/froogaloop2.min.js"></script>

 

    <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' />
	<style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style>
	
<!-- Google Tag Manager for WordPress by gtm4wp.com -->
<script data-cfasync="false" data-pagespeed-no-defer>
	var gtm4wp_datalayer_name = "dataLayer";
	var dataLayer = dataLayer || [];
</script>
<!-- End Google Tag Manager for WordPress by gtm4wp.com -->
	<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ -->
	<title>School for Rape | EarthRights International</title>
	<link rel="canonical" href="https://earthrights.org/publication/school-for-rape/" />
	<meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" />
	<meta property="og:type" content="article" />
	<meta property="og:title" content="School for Rape | EarthRights International" />
	<meta property="og:description" content="So it turns out that my &#8220;male&#8221; and &#8220;female&#8221; plots are the same story, after all&#8230;.If you hold down one thing you hold down the adjoining. In the end, though, it all blows up in your face. &#8211;Salman Rushdie This report seeks to make visible the structural origins of the rape of ethnic Burmese women, [&hellip;]" />
	<meta property="og:url" content="https://earthrights.org/publication/school-for-rape/" />
	<meta property="og:site_name" content="EarthRights International" />
	<meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/EarthRightsIntl" />
	<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2021-05-14T18:25:35+00:00" />
	<meta property="og:image" content="https://earthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/covers/school-for-rape-e1513961537298.jpg" />
	<meta property="og:image:width" content="492" />
	<meta property="og:image:height" content="492" />
	<meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" />
	<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
	<meta name="twitter:site" content="@EarthRightsIntl" />
	<meta name="twitter:label1" content="Est. reading time" />
	<meta name="twitter:data1" content="1 minute" />
	<script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://earthrights.org/publication/school-for-rape/","url":"https://earthrights.org/publication/school-for-rape/","name":"School for Rape | EarthRights International","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://earthrights.org/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://earthrights.org/publication/school-for-rape/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://earthrights.org/publication/school-for-rape/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://earthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/covers/school-for-rape-e1513961537298.jpg","datePublished":"1998-02-01T10:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2021-05-14T18:25:35+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://earthrights.org/publication/school-for-rape/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://earthrights.org/publication/school-for-rape/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://earthrights.org/publication/school-for-rape/#primaryimage","url":"https://earthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/covers/school-for-rape-e1513961537298.jpg","contentUrl":"https://earthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/covers/school-for-rape-e1513961537298.jpg","width":492,"height":492,"caption":"school-for-rape.jpg"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://earthrights.org/publication/school-for-rape/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://earthrights.org/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Publications","item":"https://earthrights.org/stories/publications/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"School for Rape"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://earthrights.org/#website","url":"https://earthrights.org/","name":"EarthRights International","description":"People. Power. Justice","publisher":{"@id":"https://earthrights.org/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://earthrights.org/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://earthrights.org/#organization","name":"EarthRights International","url":"https://earthrights.org/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://earthrights.org/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://earthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/logo.png","contentUrl":"https://earthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/logo.png","width":491,"height":40,"caption":"EarthRights International"},"image":{"@id":"https://earthrights.org/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/EarthRightsIntl","https://x.com/EarthRightsIntl","https://instagram.com/earthrightsintl"]}]}</script>
	<!-- / Yoast SEO plugin. -->


<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//translate.google.com' />
<script type="text/javascript">
/* <![CDATA[ */
window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/16.0.1\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/16.0.1\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/earthrights.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=bce3e0af981dabef08ff3e9d45d974ee"}};
/*! This file is auto-generated */
!function(s,n){var o,i,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),a=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===a[t]})}function u(e,t){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);for(var n=e.getImageData(16,16,1,1),a=0;a<n.data.length;a++)if(0!==n.data[a])return!1;return!0}function f(e,t,n,a){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddf6","\ud83c\udde8\u200b\ud83c\uddf6")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!a(e,"\ud83e\udedf")}return!1}function g(e,t,n,a){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):s.createElement("canvas"),o=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),i=(o.textBaseline="top",o.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){i[e]=t(o,e,n,a)}),i}function t(e){var t=s.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,s.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",i=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){s.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+g.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(i),f.toString(),p.toString(),u.toString()].join(",")+"));",a=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),r=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(a),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(r.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),r.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=g(i,f,p,u))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings);
/* ]]> */
</script>
<style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>

	img.wp-smiley, img.emoji {
		display: inline !important;
		border: none !important;
		box-shadow: none !important;
		height: 1em !important;
		width: 1em !important;
		margin: 0 0.07em !important;
		vertical-align: -0.1em !important;
		background: none !important;
		padding: 0 !important;
	}
</style>
<link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://earthrights.org/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=bce3e0af981dabef08ff3e9d45d974ee' type='text/css' media='all' />
<style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>
/*! This file is auto-generated */
.wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none}
</style>
<link rel='stylesheet' id='rad_blocks-cgb-style-css-css' href='https://earthrights.org/wp-content/plugins/rad-blocks/dist/blocks.style.build.css' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='radblocks-css-css' href='https://earthrights.org/wp-content/plugins/radblocks/build/index.css?ver=1' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='mediaelement-css' href='https://earthrights.org/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/mediaelementplayer-legacy.min.css?ver=4.2.17' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-mediaelement-css' href='https://earthrights.org/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/wp-mediaelement.min.css?ver=bce3e0af981dabef08ff3e9d45d974ee' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='view_editor_gutenberg_frontend_assets-css' href='https://earthrights.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-views/public/css/views-frontend.css?ver=3.6.18' type='text/css' media='all' />
<style id='view_editor_gutenberg_frontend_assets-inline-css' type='text/css'>
.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default > span.wpv-sort-list,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item {border-color: #cdcdcd;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item a {color: #444;background-color: #fff;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default a:hover,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default a:focus {color: #000;background-color: #eee;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item.wpv-sort-list-current a {color: #000;background-color: #eee;}
.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default > span.wpv-sort-list,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item {border-color: #cdcdcd;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item a {color: #444;background-color: #fff;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default a:hover,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default a:focus {color: #000;background-color: #eee;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item.wpv-sort-list-current a {color: #000;background-color: #eee;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey > span.wpv-sort-list,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey .wpv-sort-list-item {border-color: #cdcdcd;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey .wpv-sort-list-item a {color: #444;background-color: #eeeeee;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey a:hover,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey a:focus {color: #000;background-color: #e5e5e5;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey .wpv-sort-list-item.wpv-sort-list-current a {color: #000;background-color: #e5e5e5;}
.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default > span.wpv-sort-list,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item {border-color: #cdcdcd;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item a {color: #444;background-color: #fff;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default a:hover,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default a:focus {color: #000;background-color: #eee;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item.wpv-sort-list-current a {color: #000;background-color: #eee;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey > span.wpv-sort-list,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey .wpv-sort-list-item {border-color: #cdcdcd;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey .wpv-sort-list-item a {color: #444;background-color: #eeeeee;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey a:hover,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey a:focus {color: #000;background-color: #e5e5e5;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey .wpv-sort-list-item.wpv-sort-list-current a {color: #000;background-color: #e5e5e5;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-blue > span.wpv-sort-list,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-blue .wpv-sort-list-item {border-color: #0099cc;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-blue .wpv-sort-list-item a {color: #444;background-color: #cbddeb;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-blue a:hover,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-blue a:focus {color: #000;background-color: #95bedd;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-blue .wpv-sort-list-item.wpv-sort-list-current a {color: #000;background-color: #95bedd;}
</style>
<style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>
:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #fff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--dark-purple: #423A56;--wp--preset--color--dark-teal: #126259;--wp--preset--color--warm-gray: #4b3b1e;--wp--preset--color--green: #19763E;--wp--preset--color--lighter-green: #e0ead4;--wp--preset--color--magenta: #AE2248;--wp--preset--color--orange: #EB602F;--wp--preset--color--light-moss: #ecf1ea;--wp--preset--color--yellow: #fbbc31;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}
:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}
:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}
:root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;}
</style>
<link rel='stylesheet' id='google-language-translator-css' href='https://earthrights.org/wp-content/plugins/google-language-translator/css/style.css?ver=6.0.20' type='text/css' media='' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='page-list-style-css' href='https://earthrights.org/wp-content/plugins/page-list/css/page-list.css?ver=5.7' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='ivory-search-styles-css' href='https://earthrights.org/wp-content/plugins/add-search-to-menu/public/css/ivory-search.min.css?ver=5.5.11' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='toolset_bootstrap_styles-css' href='https://earthrights.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-views/vendor/toolset/toolset-common/res/lib/bootstrap3/css/bootstrap.css?ver=4.4.8' type='text/css' media='screen' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='heateor_sss_frontend_css-css' href='https://earthrights.org/wp-content/plugins/sassy-social-share/public/css/sassy-social-share-public.css?ver=3.3.79' type='text/css' media='all' />
<style id='heateor_sss_frontend_css-inline-css' type='text/css'>
.heateor_sss_button_instagram span.heateor_sss_svg,a.heateor_sss_instagram span.heateor_sss_svg{background:radial-gradient(circle at 30% 107%,#fdf497 0,#fdf497 5%,#fd5949 45%,#d6249f 60%,#285aeb 90%)}.heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing .heateor_sss_svg,.heateor_sss_standard_follow_icons_container .heateor_sss_svg{color:#fff;border-width:0px;border-style:solid;border-color:transparent}.heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing .heateorSssTCBackground{color:#666}.heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing span.heateor_sss_svg:hover,.heateor_sss_standard_follow_icons_container span.heateor_sss_svg:hover{border-color:transparent;}.heateor_sss_vertical_sharing span.heateor_sss_svg,.heateor_sss_floating_follow_icons_container span.heateor_sss_svg{color:#fff;border-width:0px;border-style:solid;border-color:transparent;}.heateor_sss_vertical_sharing .heateorSssTCBackground{color:#666;}.heateor_sss_vertical_sharing span.heateor_sss_svg:hover,.heateor_sss_floating_follow_icons_container span.heateor_sss_svg:hover{border-color:transparent;}@media screen and (max-width:783px) {.heateor_sss_vertical_sharing{display:none!important}}div.col-sm-4 div.heateor_sss_sharing_container{
    display: none !important;
}
</style>
<link rel='stylesheet' id='hipstyles-css' href='https://earthrights.org/wp-content/themes/eri_v2/dist/css/hip-styles.css?ver=1.2' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='bellows-css' href='https://earthrights.org/wp-content/plugins/bellows-accordion-menu/assets/css/bellows.min.css?ver=1.4.4' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='bellows-font-awesome-css' href='https://earthrights.org/wp-content/plugins/bellows-accordion-menu/assets/css/fontawesome/css/font-awesome.min.css?ver=1.4.4' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='bellows-vanilla-css' href='https://earthrights.org/wp-content/plugins/bellows-accordion-menu/assets/css/skins/vanilla.css?ver=1.4.4' type='text/css' media='all' />
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://earthrights.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-views/vendor/toolset/common-es/public/toolset-common-es-frontend.js?ver=174000" id="toolset-common-es-frontend-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://earthrights.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://earthrights.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://earthrights.org/wp-content/plugins/flowpaper-lite-pdf-flipbook/assets/lity/lity.min.js" id="lity-js-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://earthrights.org/wp-content/themes/eri_v2/dist/js/superfish.min.js?ver=bce3e0af981dabef08ff3e9d45d974ee" id="superfish-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://earthrights.org/wp-content/themes/eri_v2/dist/js/supersubs.js?ver=bce3e0af981dabef08ff3e9d45d974ee" id="supersubs-js"></script>
<link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://earthrights.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://earthrights.org/wp-json/wp/v2/publication/3340" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://earthrights.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" />

<link rel='shortlink' href='https://earthrights.org/?p=3340' />
<link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://earthrights.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fearthrights.org%2Fpublication%2Fschool-for-rape%2F" />
<link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://earthrights.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fearthrights.org%2Fpublication%2Fschool-for-rape%2F&#038;format=xml" />
<style id="bellows-custom-generated-css">
/* Status: Loaded from Transient */

</style><script type="text/javascript">if(!window._buttonizer) { window._buttonizer = {}; };var _buttonizer_page_data = {"language":"en"};window._buttonizer.data = { ..._buttonizer_page_data, ...window._buttonizer.data };</script><style>#google_language_translator a{display:none!important;}div.skiptranslate.goog-te-gadget{display:inline!important;}.goog-te-gadget{color:transparent!important;}.goog-te-gadget{font-size:0px!important;}.goog-branding{display:none;}.goog-tooltip{display: none!important;}.goog-tooltip:hover{display: none!important;}.goog-text-highlight{background-color:transparent!important;border:none!important;box-shadow:none!important;}#flags{display:none;}#google_language_translator{color:transparent;}body{top:0px!important;}#goog-gt-{display:none!important;}font font{background-color:transparent!important;box-shadow:none!important;position:initial!important;}</style>
<!-- Google Tag Manager for WordPress by gtm4wp.com -->
<!-- GTM Container placement set to automatic -->
<script data-cfasync="false" data-pagespeed-no-defer type="text/javascript">
	var dataLayer_content = {"pagePostType":"publication","pagePostType2":"single-publication","pagePostAuthor":"Digital"};
	dataLayer.push( dataLayer_content );
</script>
<script data-cfasync="false" data-pagespeed-no-defer type="text/javascript">
(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':
new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],
j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src=
'//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);
})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-5K4QP7S');
</script>
<!-- End Google Tag Manager for WordPress by gtm4wp.com --> <script> window.addEventListener("load",function(){ var c={script:false,link:false}; function ls(s) { if(!['script','link'].includes(s)||c[s]){return;}c[s]=true; var d=document,f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s); if(s==='script'){j.async=true;j.src='https://earthrights.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-views/vendor/toolset/blocks/public/js/frontend.js?v=1.6.14';}else{ j.rel='stylesheet';j.href='https://earthrights.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-views/vendor/toolset/blocks/public/css/style.css?v=1.6.14';} f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); }; function ex(){ls('script');ls('link')} window.addEventListener("scroll", ex, {once: true}); if (('IntersectionObserver' in window) && ('IntersectionObserverEntry' in window) && ('intersectionRatio' in window.IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype)) { var i = 0, fb = document.querySelectorAll("[class^='tb-']"), o = new IntersectionObserver(es => { es.forEach(e => { o.unobserve(e.target); if (e.intersectionRatio > 0) { ex();o.disconnect();}else{ i++;if(fb.length>i){o.observe(fb[i])}} }) }); if (fb.length) { o.observe(fb[i]) } } }) </script>
	<noscript>
		<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://earthrights.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-views/vendor/toolset/blocks/public/css/style.css">
	</noscript><meta name="generator" content="Powered by WPBakery Page Builder - drag and drop page builder for WordPress."/>
<!--[if lte IE 9]><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://earthrights.org/wp-content/plugins/js_composer_theme/assets/css/vc_lte_ie9.min.css" media="screen"><![endif]--><link rel="icon" href="https://earthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/cropped-favicon-32x32.jpg" sizes="32x32" />
<link rel="icon" href="https://earthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/cropped-favicon-192x192.jpg" sizes="192x192" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://earthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/cropped-favicon-180x180.jpg" />
<meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://earthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/cropped-favicon-270x270.jpg" />
		<style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css">
			.person-grid .wp-block-image {
    padding-bottom: 12px;
}

/*
.publication-template-default  .single-content .wp-post-image {display:none !important} */



body.home .listing-section__item
{
min-height: 465px !important;
 
    
}

		</style>
		<noscript><style type="text/css"> .wpb_animate_when_almost_visible { opacity: 1; }</style></noscript><!-- Google tag (gtag.js) -->
<script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=AW-1009713249">
</script>
<script>
 window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
 function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
 gtag('js', new Date());
 gtag('config', 'AW-1009713249');
</script>

<!-- Event snippet for Donate- next button click conversion page -->
<script>
  gtag('event', 'conversion', {'send_to': 'AW-1009713249/WgWpCICQm9oBEOGAvOED'});
</script>



    </head>


<body class="wp-singular publication-template-default single single-publication postid-3340 wp-theme-eri_v2 eri_v2 wpb-js-composer js-comp-ver-5.5.4 vc_non_responsive views-template-publication-template modula-best-grid-gallery" >



<aside id="off-canvas" class="off-canvas off-canvas--open sidenav mySidenav" tabindex="-1" role="region" aria-label="Site Menu" aria-expanded="true">


<div class="offcanvas__header">
   
    </div>
    <div class="off-canvas__content">
    <nav id="bellows-main-1383" class="bellows bellows-nojs bellows-main bellows-source-menu bellows-align-full bellows-skin-vanilla bellows-type-"><ul id="menu-mobile-menu-merges-main-navigation-and-secondary-navigation" class="bellows-nav" data-bellows-config="main"><li id="menu-item-13043" class="bellows-menu-item bellows-menu-item-type-post_type bellows-menu-item-object-page bellows-menu-item-home bellows-menu-item-13043 bellows-item-level-0"><a  href="https://earthrights.org/" class="bellows-target"><span class="bellows-target-title bellows-target-text">Home</span></a></li>
<li id="menu-item-683" class="bellows-menu-item bellows-menu-item-type-post_type bellows-menu-item-object-page bellows-menu-item-has-children bellows-menu-item-683 bellows-item-level-0"><a  href="https://earthrights.org/litigation-and-legal-advocacy/" class="bellows-target"><span class="bellows-target-title bellows-target-text">Legal Work</span><button class="bellows-subtoggle" aria-label="Toggle Submenu"><i class="bellows-subtoggle-icon-expand fa fa-chevron-down"></i><i class="bellows-subtoggle-icon-collapse fa fa-chevron-up"></i></button></a>
<ul class="bellows-submenu">
	<li id="menu-item-684" class="bellows-menu-item bellows-menu-item-type-post_type bellows-menu-item-object-page bellows-menu-item-684 bellows-item-level-1"><a  href="https://earthrights.org/litigation-and-legal-advocacy/our-cases/" class="bellows-target"><span class="bellows-target-title bellows-target-text">Our Cases</span></a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-13044" class="bellows-menu-item bellows-menu-item-type-post_type bellows-menu-item-object-page bellows-menu-item-13044 bellows-item-level-1"><a  href="https://earthrights.org/litigation-and-legal-advocacy/legal-analysis/" class="bellows-target"><span class="bellows-target-title bellows-target-text">Legal Analysis</span></a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-685" class="bellows-menu-item bellows-menu-item-type-post_type bellows-menu-item-object-page bellows-menu-item-685 bellows-item-level-1"><a  href="https://earthrights.org/litigation-and-legal-advocacy/legal-strategies/" class="bellows-target"><span class="bellows-target-title bellows-target-text">Legal Strategies &#038; Tools</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="menu-item-673" class="bellows-menu-item bellows-menu-item-type-post_type bellows-menu-item-object-page bellows-menu-item-has-children bellows-menu-item-673 bellows-item-level-0"><a  href="https://earthrights.org/trainings-and-networks/" class="bellows-target"><span class="bellows-target-title bellows-target-text">Trainings and Networks</span><button class="bellows-subtoggle" aria-label="Toggle Submenu"><i class="bellows-subtoggle-icon-expand fa fa-chevron-down"></i><i class="bellows-subtoggle-icon-collapse fa fa-chevron-up"></i></button></a>
<ul class="bellows-submenu">
	<li id="menu-item-675" class="bellows-menu-item bellows-menu-item-type-post_type bellows-menu-item-object-page bellows-menu-item-675 bellows-item-level-1"><a  href="https://earthrights.org/trainings-and-networks/training/earthrights-school/" class="bellows-target"><span class="bellows-target-title bellows-target-text">EarthRights Mekong School</span></a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-16226" class="bellows-menu-item bellows-menu-item-type-post_type bellows-menu-item-object-page bellows-menu-item-16226 bellows-item-level-1"><a  href="https://earthrights.org/the-global-school/" class="bellows-target"><span class="bellows-target-title bellows-target-text">The Global School</span></a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-674" class="bellows-menu-item bellows-menu-item-type-post_type bellows-menu-item-object-page bellows-menu-item-674 bellows-item-level-1"><a  href="https://earthrights.org/trainings-and-networks/training/" class="bellows-target"><span class="bellows-target-title bellows-target-text">Training</span></a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-13046" class="bellows-menu-item bellows-menu-item-type-post_type bellows-menu-item-object-page bellows-menu-item-13046 bellows-item-level-1"><a  href="https://earthrights.org/trainings-and-networks/networks/" class="bellows-target"><span class="bellows-target-title bellows-target-text">Networks</span></a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-14599" class="bellows-menu-item bellows-menu-item-type-post_type bellows-menu-item-object-page bellows-menu-item-14599 bellows-item-level-1"><a  href="https://earthrights.org/trainings-and-networks/resources-for-defenders/" class="bellows-target"><span class="bellows-target-title bellows-target-text">Resources for Defenders</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="menu-item-682" class="bellows-menu-item bellows-menu-item-type-post_type bellows-menu-item-object-page bellows-menu-item-has-children bellows-menu-item-682 bellows-item-level-0"><a  href="https://earthrights.org/campaigns/" class="bellows-target"><span class="bellows-target-title bellows-target-text">Campaigns</span><button class="bellows-subtoggle" aria-label="Toggle Submenu"><i class="bellows-subtoggle-icon-expand fa fa-chevron-down"></i><i class="bellows-subtoggle-icon-collapse fa fa-chevron-up"></i></button></a>
<ul class="bellows-submenu">
	<li id="menu-item-14243" class="bellows-menu-item bellows-menu-item-type-post_type bellows-menu-item-object-page bellows-menu-item-14243 bellows-item-level-1"><a  href="https://earthrights.org/about/the-crisis-in-myanmar/" class="bellows-target"><span class="bellows-target-title bellows-target-text">The Crisis in Myanmar</span></a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-16229" class="bellows-menu-item bellows-menu-item-type-post_type bellows-menu-item-object-page bellows-menu-item-16229 bellows-item-level-1"><a  href="https://earthrights.org/campaigns/frontlines-of-climate-justice/" class="bellows-target"><span class="bellows-target-title bellows-target-text">Frontlines of Climate Justice</span></a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-17310" class="bellows-menu-item bellows-menu-item-type-post_type bellows-menu-item-object-page bellows-menu-item-17310 bellows-item-level-1"><a  href="https://earthrights.org/justice-for-the-uwa-nation-guardians-of-mother-earth/" class="bellows-target"><span class="bellows-target-title bellows-target-text">Justice for the U’wa Nation</span></a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-16616" class="bellows-menu-item bellows-menu-item-type-post_type bellows-menu-item-object-page bellows-menu-item-16616 bellows-item-level-1"><a  href="https://earthrights.org/take-action/" class="bellows-target"><span class="bellows-target-title bellows-target-text">Take Action</span></a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-17808" class="bellows-menu-item bellows-menu-item-type-post_type bellows-menu-item-object-page bellows-menu-item-17808 bellows-item-level-1"><a  href="https://earthrights.org/protection-of-the-rights-of-indigenous-and-tribal-peoples-in-the-face-of-climate-emergency-impacts/" class="bellows-target"><span class="bellows-target-title bellows-target-text">Impacts of the climate emergency on Indigenous Peoples</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="menu-item-702" class="bellows-menu-item bellows-menu-item-type-post_type bellows-menu-item-object-page bellows-menu-item-has-children bellows-menu-item-702 bellows-item-level-0"><a  href="https://earthrights.org/stories/media/" class="bellows-target"><span class="bellows-target-title bellows-target-text">News and Media</span><button class="bellows-subtoggle" aria-label="Toggle Submenu"><i class="bellows-subtoggle-icon-expand fa fa-chevron-down"></i><i class="bellows-subtoggle-icon-collapse fa fa-chevron-up"></i></button></a>
<ul class="bellows-submenu">
	<li id="menu-item-699" class="bellows-menu-item bellows-menu-item-type-post_type bellows-menu-item-object-page bellows-menu-item-699 bellows-item-level-1"><a  href="https://earthrights.org/blogs/" class="bellows-target"><span class="bellows-target-title bellows-target-text">Blog</span></a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-13049" class="bellows-menu-item bellows-menu-item-type-post_type bellows-menu-item-object-page bellows-menu-item-13049 bellows-item-level-1"><a  href="https://earthrights.org/stories/media/press-releases/" class="bellows-target"><span class="bellows-target-title bellows-target-text">Press Releases</span></a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-701" class="bellows-menu-item bellows-menu-item-type-post_type bellows-menu-item-object-page bellows-menu-item-701 bellows-item-level-1"><a  href="https://earthrights.org/stories/publications/" class="bellows-target"><span class="bellows-target-title bellows-target-text">Publications</span></a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-16617" class="bellows-menu-item bellows-menu-item-type-post_type bellows-menu-item-object-page bellows-menu-item-16617 bellows-item-level-1"><a  href="https://earthrights.org/stories/" class="bellows-target"><span class="bellows-target-title bellows-target-text">Stories</span></a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-14069" class="bellows-menu-item bellows-menu-item-type-custom bellows-menu-item-object-custom bellows-menu-item-14069 bellows-item-level-1"><a  href="https://secure.everyaction.com/m0PBxUsWB0OhJOcxOlMDWw2" class="bellows-target"><span class="bellows-target-title bellows-target-text">Email Subscribe</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="menu-item-664" class="bellows-menu-item bellows-menu-item-type-post_type bellows-menu-item-object-page bellows-menu-item-has-children bellows-menu-item-664 bellows-item-level-0"><a  href="https://earthrights.org/about/" class="bellows-target"><span class="bellows-target-title bellows-target-text">About Us</span><button class="bellows-subtoggle" aria-label="Toggle Submenu"><i class="bellows-subtoggle-icon-expand fa fa-chevron-down"></i><i class="bellows-subtoggle-icon-collapse fa fa-chevron-up"></i></button></a>
<ul class="bellows-submenu">
	<li id="menu-item-666" class="bellows-menu-item bellows-menu-item-type-post_type bellows-menu-item-object-page bellows-menu-item-666 bellows-item-level-1"><a  href="https://earthrights.org/about/team/" class="bellows-target"><span class="bellows-target-title bellows-target-text">Our Team</span></a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-667" class="bellows-menu-item bellows-menu-item-type-post_type bellows-menu-item-object-page bellows-menu-item-667 bellows-item-level-1"><a  href="https://earthrights.org/about/board-of-directors/" class="bellows-target"><span class="bellows-target-title bellows-target-text">Board</span></a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-13045" class="bellows-menu-item bellows-menu-item-type-post_type bellows-menu-item-object-page bellows-menu-item-13045 bellows-item-level-1"><a  href="https://earthrights.org/our-success/" class="bellows-target"><span class="bellows-target-title bellows-target-text">Victories</span></a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-669" class="bellows-menu-item bellows-menu-item-type-post_type bellows-menu-item-object-page bellows-menu-item-has-children bellows-menu-item-669 bellows-item-level-1"><a  href="https://earthrights.org/where-we-work/" class="bellows-target"><span class="bellows-target-title bellows-target-text">Where We Work</span><button class="bellows-subtoggle" aria-label="Toggle Submenu"><i class="bellows-subtoggle-icon-expand fa fa-chevron-down"></i><i class="bellows-subtoggle-icon-collapse fa fa-chevron-up"></i></button></a>
	<ul class="bellows-submenu">
		<li id="menu-item-670" class="bellows-menu-item bellows-menu-item-type-post_type bellows-menu-item-object-page bellows-menu-item-670 bellows-item-level-2"><a  href="https://earthrights.org/where-we-work/southeast-asia/" class="bellows-target"><span class="bellows-target-title bellows-target-text">Southeast Asia</span></a></li>
		<li id="menu-item-671" class="bellows-menu-item bellows-menu-item-type-post_type bellows-menu-item-object-page bellows-menu-item-671 bellows-item-level-2"><a  href="https://earthrights.org/where-we-work/latin-america/" class="bellows-target"><span class="bellows-target-title bellows-target-text">Latin America</span></a></li>
		<li id="menu-item-672" class="bellows-menu-item bellows-menu-item-type-post_type bellows-menu-item-object-page bellows-menu-item-672 bellows-item-level-2"><a  href="https://earthrights.org/where-we-work/u-s-and-global/" class="bellows-target"><span class="bellows-target-title bellows-target-text">U.S. and Global</span></a></li>
	</ul>
</li>
	<li id="menu-item-13050" class="bellows-menu-item bellows-menu-item-type-post_type bellows-menu-item-object-page bellows-menu-item-13050 bellows-item-level-1"><a  href="https://earthrights.org/2020-2024-strategic-plan/" class="bellows-target"><span class="bellows-target-title bellows-target-text">2020-2024 Strategic Plan</span></a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-668" class="bellows-menu-item bellows-menu-item-type-post_type bellows-menu-item-object-page bellows-menu-item-668 bellows-item-level-1"><a  href="https://earthrights.org/about/annual-reports/" class="bellows-target"><span class="bellows-target-title bellows-target-text">Annual Reports &#038; Financials</span></a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-720" class="bellows-menu-item bellows-menu-item-type-post_type bellows-menu-item-object-page bellows-menu-item-720 bellows-item-level-1"><a  href="https://earthrights.org/contact-us/" class="bellows-target"><span class="bellows-target-title bellows-target-text">Contact Us</span></a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-13051" class="bellows-menu-item bellows-menu-item-type-post_type bellows-menu-item-object-page bellows-menu-item-13051 bellows-item-level-1"><a  href="https://earthrights.org/careers/" class="bellows-target"><span class="bellows-target-title bellows-target-text">Careers</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="menu-item-13052" class="bellows-menu-item bellows-menu-item-type-post_type bellows-menu-item-object-page bellows-menu-item-has-children bellows-menu-item-13052 bellows-item-level-0"><a  href="https://earthrights.org/support-us/donate/" class="bellows-target"><span class="bellows-target-title bellows-target-text">Donate</span><button class="bellows-subtoggle" aria-label="Toggle Submenu"><i class="bellows-subtoggle-icon-expand fa fa-chevron-down"></i><i class="bellows-subtoggle-icon-collapse fa fa-chevron-up"></i></button></a>
<ul class="bellows-submenu">
	<li id="menu-item-14577" class="bellows-menu-item bellows-menu-item-type-post_type bellows-menu-item-object-page bellows-menu-item-14577 bellows-item-level-1"><a  href="https://earthrights.org/support-us/monthly-giving/" class="bellows-target"><span class="bellows-target-title bellows-target-text">Give Monthly</span></a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-703" class="bellows-menu-item bellows-menu-item-type-post_type bellows-menu-item-object-page bellows-menu-item-703 bellows-item-level-1"><a  href="https://earthrights.org/support-us/" class="bellows-target"><span class="bellows-target-title bellows-target-text">Support Us</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul></nav>    <div style = "padding:20px">

    <form method="get" id="searchform" action="https://earthrights.org/">

<input type="text" class="field" name="s" id="s" placeholder="Search" />


<button type="submit" class="submit" name="submit" id="searchsubmit" style = "background:none;border:0"><i class="mk-icon-search"></i></button>



</form>


    </div>
    </div>
</aside>

 
  


<div class="theme-main-wrapper ">

<div id="mk-boxed-layout" class="mk--enabled ">


<header id="mk-header" class=" theme-main-header mk-header-module" data-header-style="" data-header-structure="" data-transparent-skin="" data-height="" data-sticky-height="" >



</header>


<div class="responsive-nav-container"></div>


<div class="sticky-header-padding "></div>










	<header id="masthead" class="site-header">
	<div id = "header-search">

<div>	<form role="search" method="get" id="searchform" class="searchform" action="https://earthrights.org/">
				<div>
					<label class="screen-reader-text" for="s">Search for:</label>
					<input type="text" value="" name="s" id="s" />
					<input type="submit" id="searchsubmit" value="Search" />
				</div>
			</form></div>


<div>
<a href="javascript:void(0)" id ="closesearch" ><i class="mk-icon-close"></i></a></div>
</div>


		<div class = "mobile-menu-trigger">
		
<!--<i class="mk-icon-facebook"></i>
		<button class="hamburger hamburger--style-1" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="off-canvas" tabindex="-1"> 
			<span></span> <span></span> <span></span> <span class="sr-only">Show Mobile Menu</span> </button>  -->


		


			<a onclick="openNav()" id = "openbtn" style = "z-index:9999999999999"><i class="mk-icon-bars"></i></a>
			<a href="javascript:void(0)" id ="closebtn" onclick="closeNav()"><i class="mk-icon-close"></i></a>
		
		
		</div>
		<div class="site-branding">
			<a href = "/">
			<img src = 'https://earthrights.org/wp-content/themes/eri_v2/assets/images/earthrights-logo@2x-1.png' class = 'desktopLogo' /><img src = 'https://earthrights.org/wp-content/themes/eri_v2/assets/images/eri_logo_mobile_retina.png'  class = 'mobileLogo'/>

</a>
		</div><!-- .site-branding -->

		<nav id="site-navigation" class="main-navigation">
				<div class="menu-new-navigation-container"><ul id="menu-new-navigation" class="sf-menu"><li id="menu-item-12557" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-12557"><a href="https://earthrights.org/litigation-and-legal-advocacy/">Legal Work</a>
<ul class="sub-menu">
	<li id="menu-item-12752" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12752"><a href="https://earthrights.org/litigation-and-legal-advocacy/our-cases/">Our Cases</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-12751" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12751"><a href="https://earthrights.org/litigation-and-legal-advocacy/legal-analysis/">Legal Analysis</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-12753" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12753"><a href="https://earthrights.org/litigation-and-legal-advocacy/legal-strategies/">Legal Strategies &#038; Tools</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="menu-item-12558" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-12558"><a href="https://earthrights.org/trainings-and-networks/">Trainings &#038; Networks</a>
<ul class="sub-menu">
	<li id="menu-item-12755" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12755"><a href="https://earthrights.org/trainings-and-networks/training/earthrights-school/">EarthRights Mekong School</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-16227" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-16227"><a href="https://earthrights.org/the-global-school/">The Global School</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-12758" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12758"><a href="https://earthrights.org/trainings-and-networks/training/">Training</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-12756" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12756"><a href="https://earthrights.org/trainings-and-networks/networks/">Networks</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-14598" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-14598"><a href="https://earthrights.org/trainings-and-networks/resources-for-defenders/">Resources for Defenders</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="menu-item-12561" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-12561"><a href="https://earthrights.org/campaigns/">Campaigns</a>
<ul class="sub-menu">
	<li id="menu-item-14242" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-14242"><a href="https://earthrights.org/about/the-crisis-in-myanmar/">The Crisis in Myanmar</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-16228" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-16228"><a href="https://earthrights.org/campaigns/frontlines-of-climate-justice/">Frontlines of Climate Justice</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-17311" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-17311"><a href="https://earthrights.org/justice-for-the-uwa-nation-guardians-of-mother-earth/">Justice for the U’wa Nation</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-17806" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-17806"><a href="https://earthrights.org/protection-of-the-rights-of-indigenous-and-tribal-peoples-in-the-face-of-climate-emergency-impacts/">Impacts of the climate emergency on Indigenous Peoples</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-16615" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-16615"><a href="https://earthrights.org/take-action/">Take Action</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="menu-item-31" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-31"><a href="https://earthrights.org/stories/media/">News &#038; Media</a>
<ul class="sub-menu">
	<li id="menu-item-13034" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13034"><a href="https://earthrights.org/blogs/">Blog</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-12717" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12717"><a href="https://earthrights.org/stories/media/press-releases/">Press Releases</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-12684" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12684"><a href="https://earthrights.org/stories/publications/">Publications</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-17106" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-17106"><a href="https://earthrights.org/stories/videos/">Videos</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-13189" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13189"><a href="https://earthrights.org/stories/">Stories</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-13743" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-13743"><a href="https://secure.everyaction.com/m0PBxUsWB0OhJOcxOlMDWw2">Email Subscribe</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="menu-item-12750" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-12750"><a href="https://earthrights.org/about/">About Us</a>
<ul class="sub-menu">
	<li id="menu-item-12762" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12762"><a href="https://earthrights.org/about/team/">Our Team</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-12763" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12763"><a href="https://earthrights.org/about/board-of-directors/">Board</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-12754" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12754"><a href="https://earthrights.org/our-success/">Victories</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-12765" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-12765"><a href="https://earthrights.org/where-we-work/">Where We Work</a>
	<ul class="sub-menu">
		<li id="menu-item-12767" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12767"><a href="https://earthrights.org/where-we-work/southeast-asia/">Southeast Asia</a></li>
		<li id="menu-item-12768" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12768"><a href="https://earthrights.org/where-we-work/latin-america/">Latin America</a></li>
		<li id="menu-item-12769" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12769"><a href="https://earthrights.org/where-we-work/u-s-and-global/">U.S. and Global</a></li>
	</ul>
</li>
	<li id="menu-item-12760" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12760"><a href="https://earthrights.org/2020-2024-strategic-plan/">2020-2024 Strategic Plan</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-12764" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12764"><a href="https://earthrights.org/about/annual-reports/">Annual Reports &#038; Financials</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-12766" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12766"><a href="https://earthrights.org/contact-us/">Contact Us</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-12914" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12914"><a href="https://earthrights.org/careers/">Careers</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="menu-item-10772" class="menu-donate menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-10772"><a href="https://earthrights.org/support-us/donate/">Donate</a>
<ul class="sub-menu">
	<li id="menu-item-14578" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-14578"><a href="https://earthrights.org/support-us/monthly-giving/">Give Monthly</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-13053" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13053"><a href="https://earthrights.org/support-us/">Support Us</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="menu-item-308" class="translate-menu menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-308"><div id="google_language_translator" class="default-language-en"></div></li>
<li id="menu-item-18052" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-18052"><a href="#"><i class="mk-icon-search"></i></a></li>
</ul></div>		</nav><!-- #site-navigation -->
	</header><!-- #masthead -->


	    

  



<div id="theme-page" class="post-case">
        <div class="mk-main-wrapper-holder">
              <div class="single-hero">
      <img src="https://earthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/covers/school-for-rape-e1513961537298-160x90.jpg" srcset="https://earthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/covers/school-for-rape-e1513961537298-160x90.jpg 160w, https://earthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/covers/school-for-rape-e1513961537298-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://earthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/covers/school-for-rape-e1513961537298-1600x900.jpg 1600w, https://earthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/covers/school-for-rape-e1513961537298-1920x1080.jpg 1920w" sizes="100vw" />
      </div>
    
          <div class="background-img background-img--page"></div>
        <div class="breadcrumb-wrapper">
  <div class="container">
      <div class="row">
          <div class="col-xs-12">
            <div id="mk-breadcrumbs"><div class="mk-breadcrumbs-inner dark-skin"><a href="https://earthrights.org" rel="nofollow">Home</a> &nbsp;&nbsp;&#187;&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href = "https://earthrights.org/stories/publications/" >Publications</a> &nbsp;&nbsp;&#187;&nbsp;&nbsp; School for Rape</div></div>          </div>
      </div>
  </div>
</div>          <div class="main-content-wrapper">
            <div class="social-share" aria-label="Social Sharing">
    <h2 class="social-share__title">Share</h2>
    <a href="http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fearthrights.org%2Fpublication%2Fschool-for-rape%2F" class="iconlink iconlink--social-link iconlink--social-popup" target="_blank" title="" aria-label="Share on Twitter - Opens in New Window">
        <span class="mk-icon-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></span>
    </a>

    <a href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fearthrights.org%2Fpublication%2Fschool-for-rape%2F" class="iconlink iconlink--social-link iconlink--social-popup" target="_blank" title="" aria-label="Share on Facebook - Opens in New Window">
        <span class="mk-icon-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></span>
    </a>

    <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fearthrights.org%2Fpublication%2Fschool-for-rape%2F" class="iconlink iconlink--social-link iconlink--social-popup" target="_blank" title="" aria-label="Share on LinkedIn - Opens in New Window">
        <span class="mk-icon-linkedin" aria-hidden="true"></span>
    </a>
</div>              <div class="theme-page-wrapper full-layout mk-grid vc_row-fluid ">
                  <div class="theme-content " id="blog-entry-3340" class="post-3340 publication type-publication status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry vocabulary_27-report" itemprop="mainContentOfPage">
                      <div class="single-content">
                        <div class="post__meta">
  <h1 class="post__meta__title">School for Rape</h1>
  
      <div class="post__meta__subtitle">The Burmese Military and Sexual Violence</div>
  
  
      <div class="post__meta__post-date">February 01, 1998</div>
  
        <div class="post__meta__author">Digital</div>
  
                <div class="post__meta__pub-type">Report</div>
      
  
    
    
    
</div>

                        <p><div><div><div></p>
<h4>The Burmese Military and Sexual Violence</h4>
<p></div></div></div><div><div><div class="vc_empty_space"   style="height: 20px" ><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div>
<div></p>
<p><blockquote><p><em>So it turns out that my &#8220;male&#8221; and &#8220;female&#8221; plots are the same story, after all&#8230;.If you hold down one thing you hold down the adjoining. In the end, though, it all blows up in your face.</em><br />
&#8211;Salman Rushdie</p></blockquote>
<p>This report seeks to make visible the structural origins of the rape of ethnic Burmese women, with particular attention paid to the institution that nurtures the rapists, the Burmese army. The report is based on primary research consisting of original interviews with defectors from the Burmese army, and villagers who lived in close proximity to the army, often because their villages were occupied by the army.</p>
<p>By examining the military structures giving rise to prevalent rape, this report proposes <em>not</em> to absolve the soldier perpetrators of responsibilities for their crimes. Rather, we look for the root causes so we can advocate for institutional change as well as establish individual culpability and argue for individual punishment.<!--break--></p>
</div></div><div><div class="vc_empty_space"   style="height: 20px" ><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div>
<div></p>
<h6 style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Files:</h6>
<p><a class="documents" href="https://earthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/school-for-rape.pdf" target"_blank">school-for-rape.pdf</a><br/><br />
</div><div class="vc_empty_space"   style="height: 40px" ><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div>
<div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="vc_empty_space"   style="height: 10px" ><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div>
<div></div><div class="vc_empty_space"   style="height: 40px" ><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div>
<div><div class="heateor_sss_sharing_container heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing" data-heateor-ss-offset="0" data-heateor-sss-href='https://earthrights.org/publication/school-for-rape/'><div class="heateor_sss_sharing_ul"><a aria-label="Facebook" class="heateor_sss_facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fearthrights.org%2F%3Fp%3D3340" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:32px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="heateor_sss_svg" style="background-color:#0765FE;width:25px;height:25px;border-radius:999px;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:32px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;border-radius:999px;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill="#fff" d="M28 16c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12S4 9.373 4 16c0 5.628 3.875 10.35 9.101 11.647v-7.98h-2.474V16H13.1v-1.58c0-4.085 1.849-5.978 5.859-5.978.76 0 2.072.15 2.608.298v3.325c-.283-.03-.775-.045-1.386-.045-1.967 0-2.728.745-2.728 2.683V16h3.92l-.673 3.667h-3.247v8.245C23.395 27.195 28 22.135 28 16Z"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Twitter" class="heateor_sss_button_twitter" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?via=earthrightsintl&text=School%20for%20Rape&url=https%3A%2F%2Fearthrights.org%2F%3Fp%3D3340" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:32px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="heateor_sss_svg heateor_sss_s__default heateor_sss_s_twitter" style="background-color:#55acee;width:25px;height:25px;border-radius:999px;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:32px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;border-radius:999px;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-4 -4 39 39"><path d="M28 8.557a9.913 9.913 0 0 1-2.828.775 4.93 4.93 0 0 0 2.166-2.725 9.738 9.738 0 0 1-3.13 1.194 4.92 4.92 0 0 0-3.593-1.55 4.924 4.924 0 0 0-4.794 6.049c-4.09-.21-7.72-2.17-10.15-5.15a4.942 4.942 0 0 0-.665 2.477c0 1.71.87 3.214 2.19 4.1a4.968 4.968 0 0 1-2.23-.616v.06c0 2.39 1.7 4.38 3.952 4.83-.414.115-.85.174-1.297.174-.318 0-.626-.03-.928-.086a4.935 4.935 0 0 0 4.6 3.42 9.893 9.893 0 0 1-6.114 2.107c-.398 0-.79-.023-1.175-.068a13.953 13.953 0 0 0 7.55 2.213c9.056 0 14.01-7.507 14.01-14.013 0-.213-.005-.426-.015-.637.96-.695 1.795-1.56 2.455-2.55z" fill="#fff"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Whatsapp" class="heateor_sss_whatsapp" href="https://api.whatsapp.com/send?text=School%20for%20Rape%20https%3A%2F%2Fearthrights.org%2F%3Fp%3D3340" title="Whatsapp" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:32px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="heateor_sss_svg" style="background-color:#55eb4c;width:25px;height:25px;border-radius:999px;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:32px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;border-radius:999px;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-6 -5 40 40"><path class="heateor_sss_svg_stroke heateor_sss_no_fill" stroke="#fff" stroke-width="2" fill="none" d="M 11.579798566743314 24.396926207859085 A 10 10 0 1 0 6.808479557110079 20.73576436351046"></path><path d="M 7 19 l -1 6 l 6 -1" class="heateor_sss_no_fill heateor_sss_svg_stroke" stroke="#fff" stroke-width="2" fill="none"></path><path d="M 10 10 q -1 8 8 11 c 5 -1 0 -6 -1 -3 q -4 -3 -5 -5 c 4 -2 -1 -5 -1 -4" fill="#fff"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Linkedin" class="heateor_sss_button_linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fearthrights.org%2F%3Fp%3D3340" title="Linkedin" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:32px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="heateor_sss_svg heateor_sss_s__default heateor_sss_s_linkedin" style="background-color:#0077b5;width:25px;height:25px;border-radius:999px;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:32px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;border-radius:999px;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M6.227 12.61h4.19v13.48h-4.19V12.61zm2.095-6.7a2.43 2.43 0 0 1 0 4.86c-1.344 0-2.428-1.09-2.428-2.43s1.084-2.43 2.428-2.43m4.72 6.7h4.02v1.84h.058c.56-1.058 1.927-2.176 3.965-2.176 4.238 0 5.02 2.792 5.02 6.42v7.395h-4.183v-6.56c0-1.564-.03-3.574-2.178-3.574-2.18 0-2.514 1.7-2.514 3.46v6.668h-4.187V12.61z" fill="#fff"></path></svg></span></a><a class="heateor_sss_more" aria-label="More" title="More" rel="nofollow noopener" style="font-size: 32px!important;border:0;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block!important;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align: middle;display:inline;" href="https://earthrights.org/?p=3340" onclick="event.preventDefault()"><span class="heateor_sss_svg" style="background-color:#ee8e2d;width:25px;height:25px;border-radius:999px;display:inline-block!important;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:32px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;display:inline;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box;" onclick="heateorSssMoreSharingPopup(this, 'https://earthrights.org/?p=3340', 'School%20for%20Rape', '' )"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="-.3 0 32 32" version="1.1" width="100%" height="100%" style="display:block;border-radius:999px;" xml:space="preserve"><g><path fill="#fff" d="M18 14V8h-4v6H8v4h6v6h4v-6h6v-4h-6z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></g></svg></span></a></div><div class="heateorSssClear"></div></div></div><div class="vc_empty_space"   style="height: 24px" ><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div>
</div></div>


                                                                            <div class="publication__button-wrapper">
                            <a class="button button--orange" target="_blank" href="https://earthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/school-for-rape.pdf">Read the Publication</a>
                          </div>
                                                                                                                      </div>
                  </div>

                                  <div class="clearboth"></div>
              </div>
          </div>
      </div>

  </div>
  <section class="related-content" aria-label="Related Content">
    <div class="container">
      <div class="row">
        <div class="col-xs-12">
          
                  </div>
      </div>

      <div class="related-content__items row">
                  <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-12">
            <div class="related-content__item">
                              <div class="related-content__item__image">
                  <a class="related-content__item__image-link" href="https://earthrights.org/media_release/brunswick-county-to-apply-for-grants-to-ensure-access-to-clean-safe-water/">
                      <img src="https://earthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Brunswick-County-Water-Tour-update-160x90.jpg" srcset="https://earthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Brunswick-County-Water-Tour-update-160x90.jpg 160w, https://earthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Brunswick-County-Water-Tour-update-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://earthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Brunswick-County-Water-Tour-update-1600x900.jpg 1600w, https://earthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Brunswick-County-Water-Tour-update-1920x1080.jpg 1920w"
                           sizes="(min-width: 1200px) 20vw, (min-width: 992px) 33vw, (min-width: 768px) 50vw, 90vw" />
                  </a>
                </div>
                            <h3 class="related-content__item__title">
                <a class="related-content__item__title-link" href="https://earthrights.org/media_release/brunswick-county-to-apply-for-grants-to-ensure-access-to-clean-safe-water/">Brunswick County to Apply for Grants to Ensure Access to Clean, Safe Water</a>
              </h3>
            </div>
          </div>
                  <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-12">
            <div class="related-content__item">
                              <div class="related-content__item__image">
                  <a class="related-content__item__image-link" href="https://earthrights.org/wasana-chokchiwa/">
                      <img src="https://earthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/ERS2025-Janes-Portrait-3-1-160x90.jpg" srcset="https://earthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/ERS2025-Janes-Portrait-3-1-160x90.jpg 160w, https://earthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/ERS2025-Janes-Portrait-3-1-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://earthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/ERS2025-Janes-Portrait-3-1-1600x900.jpg 1600w, https://earthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/ERS2025-Janes-Portrait-3-1-1920x1080.jpg 1920w"
                           sizes="(min-width: 1200px) 20vw, (min-width: 992px) 33vw, (min-width: 768px) 50vw, 90vw" />
                  </a>
                </div>
                            <h3 class="related-content__item__title">
                <a class="related-content__item__title-link" href="https://earthrights.org/wasana-chokchiwa/">"EarthRights School has given me a lot of opportunities to learn."</a>
              </h3>
            </div>
          </div>
                  <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-12">
            <div class="related-content__item">
                              <div class="related-content__item__image">
                  <a class="related-content__item__image-link" href="https://earthrights.org/jan-aldwin-cutin/">
                      <img src="https://earthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/Jans-Portrait-1-160x90.jpg" srcset="https://earthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/Jans-Portrait-1-160x90.jpg 160w, https://earthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/Jans-Portrait-1-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://earthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/Jans-Portrait-1-1600x900.jpg 1600w, https://earthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/Jans-Portrait-1-1920x1080.jpg 1920w"
                           sizes="(min-width: 1200px) 20vw, (min-width: 992px) 33vw, (min-width: 768px) 50vw, 90vw" />
                  </a>
                </div>
                            <h3 class="related-content__item__title">
                <a class="related-content__item__title-link" href="https://earthrights.org/jan-aldwin-cutin/">“I learn so much from my students every day.”</a>
              </h3>
            </div>
          </div>
              </div>
    </div>
  </section>










<section id="mk-footer" class=" fullwidth-footer " role="contentinfo" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPFooter">
<div class="footer-wrapper  ">
<div class="mk-padding-wrapper row">
        <div class="mk-col-3-12    col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-xs-12 col-footer-logo">
          <a href="https://earthrights.org" class="footer-logo">
            <img width="342" height="28" src="/wp-content/uploads/logo@2x-1-1-768x62.png" class="attachment-342x28 size-342x28" alt="EarthRights International" loading="lazy" srcset="/wp-content/uploads/logo@2x-1-1-768x62.png 768w, /wp-content/uploads/logo@2x-1-1.png 342w" sizes="(max-width: 342px) 100vw, 342px">          </a>

          <section id="custom_html-3" class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><p>
	© 2025 EarthRights International
</p></div></section>        </div>


        <div class="mk-col-6-12   col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-xs-12">
          <section id="custom_menu_widget-2" class="widget widget_custom_menu"><div id="custom-menu-620becc5c1cee" class="mk-custom-menu align-left"><div class="menu-footer-left-menu-container">
            

          <nav id="left-footer-menu-container-id" class="left-footer-menu-container"><ul id="menu-footer-left-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-12926" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-12926"><a href="https://earthrights.org/about/">About Us</a>
<ul class="sub-menu">
	<li id="menu-item-12930" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12930"><a href="https://earthrights.org/about/annual-reports/">Annual Reports</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-15669" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-15669"><a href="https://earthrights.org/careers/">Careers</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-12928" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12928"><a href="https://earthrights.org/about/team/">Our Team</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-15668" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-15668"><a href="https://earthrights.org/about/board-of-directors/">Board of Directors</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-17872" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-17872"><a href="https://earthrights.org/contact-us/">Contact Us</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="menu-item-12936" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-12936"><a href="https://earthrights.org/support-us/">Support Us</a>
<ul class="sub-menu">
	<li id="menu-item-12937" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12937"><a href="https://earthrights.org/support-us/donate/">Donate</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-12938" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12938"><a href="https://earthrights.org/support-us/monthly-giving/">Monthly Giving</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="menu-item-14070" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-14070"><a href="https://secure.everyaction.com/m0PBxUsWB0OhJOcxOlMDWw2">Email Subscribe</a></li>
</ul></nav>



          
         </div></div></section>        </div>

        <div class="mk-col-3-12  col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-xs-12 footer-col-right">
          <section id="social-2" class="widget widget_social_networks" style =><div class="social-title widgettitle left">Stay Connected</div><div id="social-620becc5c4cf6">
			  <div class = "social-footer-gap "></div>
		  <div class="widget-social-container align-left circle-style">
        <a href="https://www.facebook.com/EarthRightsIntl" rel="nofollow" class="builtin-icons custom facebook-hover" target="_blank" title="Follow Us on facebook"><i class="mk-icon-facebook"></i></a><a href="https://twitter.com/EarthRightsIntl" rel="nofollow" class="builtin-icons custom twitter-hover" target="_blank" title="Follow Us on twitter"><i class="mk-icon-twitter"></i></a><a href="https://instagram.com/earthrightsintl" rel="nofollow" class="builtin-icons custom instagram-hover" target="_blank" title="Follow Us on instagram"><i class="mk-icon-instagram"></i></a><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/earthrights-international/" rel="nofollow" class="builtin-icons custom linkedin-hover" target="_blank" title="Follow Us on linkedin"><i class="mk-icon-linkedin"></i></a>

<a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@earthrightsintl" rel="nofollow" class="builtin-icons custom facebook-hover" target="_blank" title="TikTok" ><img style = "height:16px;width:auto" src= "https://earthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/tiktok-green.png"></a>

      
		  <style>

#social-620becc5c4cf6 a {
    opacity: 100 !important;
    color: #19763e !important;
    
    background-color: #ffffff !important;
}
.social-footer-gap {
	height: 12px;overflow:hidden;display:block;
}

.widget_social_networks .circle-style a {
    height: 30px;
    width: 30px;
    line-height: 30px;
    /*-webkit-border-radius: 50%;
    -moz-border-radius: 50%; */
    border-radius: 50%;
}
.widget_social_networks a {
    position: relative;
  
    float: left;
    margin: 4px;
    font-size: 16px;
    text-align: center;
   /* -webkit-border-radius: 3px;
    -moz-border-radius: 3px;
    border-radius: 3px; */
}








			  /*
						#social-620becc5c4cf6 a { 
							opacity: 100 !important;color: #19763e !important;border-color: #ffffff !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}
						#social-620becc5c4cf6 a:hover { color: #19763e !important;border-color: #e8c9c9 !important;background-color: #e8c9c9 !important;}
						*/


						.footer-donate {clear:both;padding-top:30px;}
						
						</style>
						
					
					</div></div></section><section id="text-2" class="widget widget_text footer-donate">			<div class="textwidget"><p><a class="button button--white" href="/donate/" target="_self" rel="noopener">Donate</a></p>
</div>
		</section>        </div>

<div class="clearboth"></div>      
</div>
</div>
<div class="clearboth"></div>


</section>












    <script type="speculationrules">
{"prefetch":[{"source":"document","where":{"and":[{"href_matches":"\/*"},{"not":{"href_matches":["\/wp-*.php","\/wp-admin\/*","\/wp-content\/uploads\/*","\/wp-content\/*","\/wp-content\/plugins\/*","\/wp-content\/themes\/eri_v2\/*","\/*\\?(.+)"]}},{"not":{"selector_matches":"a[rel~=\"nofollow\"]"}},{"not":{"selector_matches":".no-prefetch, .no-prefetch a"}}]},"eagerness":"conservative"}]}
</script>
<div id="flags" style="display:none" class="size18"><ul id="sortable" class="ui-sortable"><li id="English"><a href="#" title="English" class="nturl notranslate en flag united-states"></a></li><li id="Myanmar (Burmese)"><a href="#" title="Myanmar (Burmese)" class="nturl notranslate my flag Myanmar (Burmese)"></a></li><li id="Spanish"><a href="#" title="Spanish" class="nturl notranslate es flag Spanish"></a></li><li id="Thai"><a href="#" title="Thai" class="nturl notranslate th flag Thai"></a></li></ul></div><div id='glt-footer'></div><script>function GoogleLanguageTranslatorInit() { new google.translate.TranslateElement({pageLanguage: 'en', includedLanguages:'en,my,es,th', layout: google.translate.TranslateElement.InlineLayout.HORIZONTAL, autoDisplay: false}, 'google_language_translator');}</script>	
	<script type="text/javascript">
		jQuery( function( $ ) {
			$( document ).ready( function() {
				$('ul.sf-menu').supersubs( {
					minWidth   : 16, // minimum width of sub-menus in em units
					maxWidth   : 40, // maximum width of sub-menus in em units
					extraWidth : 1   // extra width can ensure lines don't sometimes turn over
				} ).superfish();
			} );
		} );
	</script>

<script type="text/javascript">(function(n,t,c,d){if(t.getElementById(d)){return}var o=t.createElement('script');o.id=d;(o.async=!0),(o.src='https://cdn.buttonizer.io/embed.js'),(o.onload=function(){window.Buttonizer?window.Buttonizer.init(c):window.addEventListener('buttonizer_script_loaded',()=>window.Buttonizer.init(c))}),t.head.appendChild(o)})(window,document,'0561caa4-3753-4f82-9e81-5c8e64d4a1d6','buttonizer_script')</script><link rel='stylesheet' id='js_composer_front-css' href='https://earthrights.org/wp-content/plugins/js_composer_theme/assets/css/js_composer.min.css?ver=5.5.4' type='text/css' media='all' />
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://earthrights.org/wp-content/plugins/google-language-translator/js/scripts.js?ver=6.0.20" id="scripts-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="//translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=GoogleLanguageTranslatorInit" id="scripts-google-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://earthrights.org/wp-content/plugins/duracelltomi-google-tag-manager/dist/js/gtm4wp-form-move-tracker.js?ver=1.22.1" id="gtm4wp-form-move-tracker-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://earthrights.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-views/vendor/toolset/toolset-common/res/lib/bootstrap3/js/bootstrap.min.js?ver=3.3.7" id="toolset_bootstrap-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="heateor_sss_sharing_js-js-before">
/* <![CDATA[ */
function heateorSssLoadEvent(e) {var t=window.onload;if (typeof window.onload!="function") {window.onload=e}else{window.onload=function() {t();e()}}};	var heateorSssSharingAjaxUrl = 'https://earthrights.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php', heateorSssCloseIconPath = 'https://earthrights.org/wp-content/plugins/sassy-social-share/public/../images/close.png', heateorSssPluginIconPath = 'https://earthrights.org/wp-content/plugins/sassy-social-share/public/../images/logo.png', heateorSssHorizontalSharingCountEnable = 0, heateorSssVerticalSharingCountEnable = 0, heateorSssSharingOffset = -10; var heateorSssMobileStickySharingEnabled = 0;var heateorSssCopyLinkMessage = "Link copied.";var heateorSssUrlCountFetched = [], heateorSssSharesText = 'Shares', heateorSssShareText = 'Share';function heateorSssPopup(e) {window.open(e,"popUpWindow","height=400,width=600,left=400,top=100,resizable,scrollbars,toolbar=0,personalbar=0,menubar=no,location=no,directories=no,status")}
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://earthrights.org/wp-content/plugins/sassy-social-share/public/js/sassy-social-share-public.js?ver=3.3.79" id="heateor_sss_sharing_js-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://earthrights.org/wp-content/themes/eri_v2/dist/js/ScrollMagic.min.js?ver=1.1" id="ScrollMagicejs-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://earthrights.org/wp-content/themes/eri_v2/dist/js/site.min.js?ver=1.1" id="sitejs-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="bellows-js-extra">
/* <![CDATA[ */
var bellows_data = {"config":{"main":{"folding":"multiple","current":"off","slide_speed":400}},"v":"1.4.4"};
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://earthrights.org/wp-content/plugins/bellows-accordion-menu/assets/js/bellows.min.js?ver=1.4.4" id="bellows-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="ivory-search-scripts-js-extra">
/* <![CDATA[ */
var IvorySearchVars = {"is_analytics_enabled":"1"};
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://earthrights.org/wp-content/plugins/add-search-to-menu/public/js/ivory-search.min.js?ver=5.5.11" id="ivory-search-scripts-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://earthrights.org/wp-content/plugins/js_composer_theme/assets/js/dist/js_composer_front.min.js?ver=5.5.4" id="wpb_composer_front_js-js"></script>

  

</body>
</html>



Resolver

Resolver ASN
AS136255
Resolver IP
146.88.41.85
Resolver Network Name
Telecom International Myanmar Company Limited
Report ID
20250928T114019Z_webconnectivity_MM_136255_n4_HaJkKyXEomxmCEQT
Platform
android
Software Name
ooniprobe-android-unattended (5.2.1)
Measurement Engine
ooniprobe-engine (3.27.0)

Raw Measurement Data

Loading