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<!doctype html><html lang="en" class="js-disabled"><head><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1"/><title>Our World in Data</title><meta name="description" content="Research and data to make progress against the world’s largest problems"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://ourworldindata.org"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="/atom.xml" title="Atom feed for Our World in Data"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"/><link rel="preload" href="/fonts/LatoLatin-Regular.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://ourworldindata.org"/><meta property="og:title" content="Our World in Data"/><meta property="og:description" content="Research and data to make progress against the world’s largest problems"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://ourworldindata.org/default-thumbnail.png"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Our World in Data"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="twitter:site" content="@OurWorldInData"/><meta name="twitter:creator" content="@OurWorldInData"/><meta name="twitter:title" content="Our World in Data"/><meta name="twitter:description" content="Research and data to make progress against the world’s largest problems"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://ourworldindata.org/default-thumbnail.png"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/owid.mjs"/><link rel="preload" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/polyfill/v3/polyfill.min.js?version=4.8.0&amp;features=es2022,es2023" as="script" data-cloudflare-disable-early-hints="true"/><link rel="preload" href="/assets/owid.css" as="style"/><meta name="citation_title" content="OWID Homepage"/><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://ourworldindata.org"/><meta name="citation_fulltext_world_readable" content=""/><meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2024/02/28"/><meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Our World in Data"/><meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="Our World in Data"/><meta name="citation_author" content="Our World in Data"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/owid.css"/><script>window._OWID_GDOC_PROPS = {"id":"1-X5zMYoLTJqD6kidXYd1GuIDj1uhlPe5-Em5B7vsgNo","slug":"owid-homepage","content":{"body":[{"type":"pill-row","pills":[{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/poverty","text":"Poverty"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/child-mortality","text":"Child Mortality"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/global-education","text":"Global Education"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions","text":"CO₂ Emissions"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/migration","text":"Migration"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/war-and-peace","text":"War & Peace"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/life-expectancy","text":"Life Expectancy"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/population-growth","text":"Population Growth"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/artificial-intelligence","text":"Artificial Intelligence"}],"title":"Popular pages","parseErrors":[]},{"type":"homepage-search","parseErrors":[]},{"type":"homepage-intro","parseErrors":[],"featuredWork":[{"url":"https://docs.google.com/document/d/15k2bk1NsfH88_q4VcOktSGiBNfH03VgpfcP0sJnKTLw/edit","type":"secondary","isNew":false,"kicker":"Announcement"},{"url":"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1hqIf0FPtIPfLkKJ5VXGCovc_-O8GuvARGvQI05VZJd4/edit","type":"secondary","isNew":false,"kicker":"From our classics"},{"url":"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1AVyhvfuPmtXXXHivtpZdrR0kLwOLDelDYq6tEtebshc/edit","type":"primary","isNew":true,"kicker":"Revised & updated"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database","type":"tertiary","isNew":false,"title":"How does economic prosperity compare across countries?","kicker":"Featured data"},{"url":"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1uZ13uywBE3SX5T6EhS1NXHXEQ2QaNj3f900Blwhj9L4/edit?tab=t.cqu1zqrixzbm","type":"tertiary","isNew":false,"kicker":"Article · 16 min read"}]},{"type":"latest-data-insights","parseErrors":[]},{"type":"key-indicator-collection","blocks":[{"text":[{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"What could be more tragic than the death of a young child? Child mortality, the death of children under the age of five, is still ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/much-better-awful-can-be-better","children":[{"text":"extremely common","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" in our world today.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The historical data makes clear that it doesn’t have to be this way: it ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/child-mortality-big-problem-in-brief","children":[{"text":"is possible","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" for societies to protect their children and reduce child mortality to very low rates. 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It is the primary ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions","children":[{"text":"greenhouse gas","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" causing ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/climate-change","children":[{"text":"climate change","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":".","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Globally, CO","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"children":[{"text":"2","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-subscript"},{"text":" emissions have remained at just below 5 tonnes per person for over a decade. 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Cutting these subsidies ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0301479723012112","children":[{"text":"while offering incentives","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" for agricultural machinery, precision technologies, ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25785","children":[{"text":"farmer education","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":", and larger farms (which tend to use less fertilizer per hectare) has made China’s farming sector much more efficient.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/effective-policies-reducing-environmental-impacts-agriculture","children":[{"text":"Read more in my article “How effective are policies in reducing the environmental impacts of agriculture?”","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" →","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"refs":{"errors":[],"definitions":{}},"type":"data-insight","title":"China's use of fertilizers peaked a decade ago","authors":["Hannah Ritchie"],"figma-url":"https://www.figma.com/design/l8AusQOZfgaxJ0wVcMrTry/Charts--2025-?node-id=12776-12290&t=kq1dovnR1zE9vtMG-1","approved-by":"Ed","grapher-url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/fertilizer-total-use?country=~CHN","narrative-chart":"china-peak-fertilizer"}},{"id":"1WjnN_F5kwUj4cJSKvwNa0wma9q5dEzm5lowhUNXYsJU","slug":"the-latest-world-bank-data-counts-125-million-more-people-as-living-in-extreme-poverty-but-the-world-has-not-gotten-poorer","publishedAt":"2025-09-12T04:00:00.000Z","content":{"body":[{"size":"narrow","type":"image","filename":"updated-world-bank-data-shows-higher-estimates-for-global-extreme-poverty.png","hasOutline":true,"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"To track progress towards ending extreme poverty, the United Nations relies on World Bank estimates of the number of people living below a poverty threshold called the “International Poverty Line” (IPL).","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"In June 2025, the World Bank announced a major change to this line, raising it significantly, from $2.15 to $3 per day. As a result, 125 million people who would not have been counted as extremely poor before June are now included.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The increased IPL and the higher poverty estimates are due to a mix of overlapping changes, which we explained in ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1yYgz33k2JJf7KeqbtpH21YCP-Ysmhq1Qi7Ni0DbrGh4/edit?tab=t.0","children":[{"text":"a recent article","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":".","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Two things are particularly important to know.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"First, the higher estimates of extreme poverty reflect a higher poverty threshold, ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"children":[{"text":"not","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-bold"},{"children":[{"text":" that the world is poorer.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-bold"},{"text":" In fact, the latest data shows that incomes among the world’s poorest are actually ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"children":[{"text":"higher","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-italic"},{"text":" than previously estimated.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Second,","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"children":[{"text":" the overall message is the same","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-bold"},{"text":" whether we look at the new or previous estimates","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"children":[{"text":".","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-bold"},{"text":" Progress in recent decades has been enormous:","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"children":[{"text":" ","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-bold"},{"text":"well over a billion people have escaped extreme poverty since 1990. ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"children":[{"text":"But this progress has now stalled.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-bold"},{"text":" ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/daily-mean-income?tab=line&country=Sub-Saharan+Africa+%28PIP%29~Europe+and+Central+Asia+%28PIP%29~Latin+America+and+the+Caribbean+%28PIP%29~East+Asia+and+Pacific+%28PIP%29~Middle+East+and+North+Africa+%28PIP%29~South+Asia+%28PIP%29~Western+and+Central+Africa+%28PIP%29~Eastern+and+Southern+Africa+%28PIP%29&focus=~Sub-Saharan+Africa+%28PIP%29","children":[{"text":"Incomes are stagnant","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" in the places where most of the world’s poorest live. Unless this changes, hundreds of millions of people will be stuck in extreme poverty for years to come.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"url":"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1yYgz33k2JJf7KeqbtpH21YCP-Ysmhq1Qi7Ni0DbrGh4/edit?tab=t.0","children":[{"text":"Read our complete explainer on the new International Poverty Line and World Bank poverty data","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" →","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"refs":{"errors":[],"definitions":{}},"type":"data-insight","title":"The latest World Bank data counts 125 million more people as living in extreme poverty — but the world has not gotten poorer","authors":["Joe Hasell","Bertha Rohenkohl","Pablo Arriagada"],"figma-url":"https://www.figma.com/design/l8AusQOZfgaxJ0wVcMrTry/Charts--2025-?node-id=14271-13172&t=sbrMiuZzZEgcGhHd-1","approved-by":"Hannah","grapher-url":""}},{"id":"1Q7wVQ2JtRN0aB3ZoLyS9L-1qDWTyKMh1s-6eSy23IGs","slug":"global-maternal-mortality-rates-have-fallen-by-almost-60-since-1985","publishedAt":"2025-09-10T04:00:00.000Z","content":{"body":[{"size":"narrow","type":"image","filename":"maternal-mortality-fallen-almost-60-since-1985.png","hasOutline":true,"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"One of the most tragic beginnings in life for a child is to lose their mother during childbirth.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"This was incredibly common in the past, and it still is in many countries today. But the world has made much progress in reducing maternal mortality rates.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"As the chart shows, maternal deaths per 100,000 live births have fallen by 57% since 1985. Progress was temporarily reversed during the COVID-19 pandemic, but rates have started to fall again since then.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"As a result, there are around ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/number-of-maternal-deaths?tab=line&country=~OWID_WRL","children":[{"text":"365,000 fewer maternal deaths","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" each year than in 1985.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"There are still huge gaps in maternal mortality rates across the world; we estimate that closing these gaps could ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/maternal-deaths-save-mothers","children":[{"text":"save an additional 275,000 women","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" each year.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/maternal-mortality","children":[{"text":"Explore data for countries across the world in our newly updated data on maternal mortality","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" →","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"refs":{"errors":[],"definitions":{}},"type":"data-insight","title":"Global maternal mortality rates have fallen by almost 60% since 1985","authors":["Hannah Ritchie","Fiona Spooner"],"figma-url":"https://www.figma.com/design/l8AusQOZfgaxJ0wVcMrTry/Charts--2025-?node-id=14433-12401&p=f&t=UHJXTTzQTdeV47qX-0","approved-by":"Ed","grapher-url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/maternal-mortality?tab=line&country=~OWID_WRL","narrative-chart":"maternal-mortality-fallen-almost-60-since-1985"}},{"id":"1IjRKtgJkDFPfnNbRd8sKeOUmocvhdoiJ_d3cAeSYniw","slug":"in-many-countries-more-than-half-of-children-and-pregnant-women-are-anemic","publishedAt":"2025-09-08T04:00:00.000Z","content":{"body":[{"size":"narrow","type":"image","filename":"anemia-particularly-low-income-countries-di.png","hasOutline":true,"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Few health problems affect billions of people at any time; anemia is one of them.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Anemia is a condition in which someone has fewer red blood cells or lower hemoglobin levels in their blood. It might seem like a minor health condition, but it can have serious implications. In children, it can lead to delays in cognitive and physical development. During pregnancy, it can ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(18)30185-2/fulltext","children":[{"text":"increase the risk","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" of mortality for both the baby and the mother.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Around ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhae/article/PIIS2352-3026(23)00160-6/fulltext","children":[{"text":"half to two-thirds","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" of cases are caused by nutritional deficiencies, particularly iron, but also folic acid and vitamin B","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"children":[{"text":"12","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-subscript"},{"text":".","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"As you can see in the chart, anemia is more common in lower-income countries: the condition affects more than half of children and almost half of pregnant women. Poverty often means that people can’t afford diverse diets and are more likely to fall ill from infectious diseases, increasing their nutrient requirements.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"While rates are much lower in rich countries, it’s not a solved problem. I know relatives and friends in the United Kingdom who have struggled with anemia.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/billions-people-suffer-anemia-cheap-ways-reduce","children":[{"text":"Read more in my article “Billions of people suffer from anemia, but there are cheap ways to reduce this”","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" →","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"refs":{"errors":[],"definitions":{}},"type":"data-insight","title":"In many countries, more than half of children and pregnant women are anemic","authors":["Hannah Ritchie"],"figma-url":"https://www.figma.com/design/l8AusQOZfgaxJ0wVcMrTry/Charts--2025-?node-id=12356-12296&t=AjLqCZ3AQx0uST9H-0","approved-by":"Ed","grapher-url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/anemia-risk-groups","narrative-chart":"anemia-particularly-low-income-countries-di"}},{"id":"1Ba_myTahW8au2cgGDugTp9MLfP9Yi65bvpOV_fZHXAQ","slug":"india-china-europe-and-the-united-states-are-on-very-different-population-paths","publishedAt":"2025-09-05T04:00:00.000Z","content":{"body":[{"size":"narrow","type":"image","filename":"unpop-us-eu-chn-ind.png","hasOutline":true,"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"This chart tracks the UN’s latest demographic projections for four large populations: India, China, Europe, and the United States. Together, they account for about half of today’s world population.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The curves are shaped by what the UN expects to happen to future fertility, life expectancy, and migration worldwide.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"India and China are the world’s most populous countries today, and the UN projects that both will remain at the top through the end of the century. Yet their trajectories diverge sharply in these projections.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"China’s population has already begun to fall and is projected to more than halve to around 630 million by 2100. India, by contrast, is expected to keep growing for nearly four more decades, reaching about 1.7 billion people in 2060 and gradually declining to around 1.5 billion.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"In contrast, the United States and Europe are projected to change more gradually. The US is expected to grow slowly and steadily, reaching about 420 million people by the end of the century. Europe’s population, meanwhile, is projected to decline. Based on these figures, its population peaked around 750 million in 2020, and is expected to fall to about 590 million by 2100, not far from China’s projected level.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The UN’s model is the most widely used baseline for international population comparisons, but all population projections are sensitive to the underlying assumptions. Other research groups use different demographic assumptions about fertility, life expectancy, and migration to reach different long-term population figures.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Explore the UN projections in our ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/population-and-demography","children":[{"text":"Population & Demography Explorer","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":", or compare them with alternative scenarios in the ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://dataexplorer.wittgensteincentre.org/wcde-v3/","children":[{"text":"Wittgenstein Centre Human Capital Data Explorer","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" →","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"refs":{"errors":[],"definitions":{}},"type":"data-insight","title":"India, China, Europe, and the United States are on very different population paths","authors":["Esteban Ortiz-Ospina"],"figma-url":"https://www.figma.com/design/l8AusQOZfgaxJ0wVcMrTry/Charts--2025-?node-id=14128-471&t=cdrqwS4jmuz0YCHF-1","approved-by":"Max","grapher-url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population-with-un-projections?time=earliest..2100&country=Europe+%28UN%29~CHN~IND~USA","narrative-chart":"https://admin.owid.io/admin/narrative-charts/167/edit"}},{"id":"1rjbSe2Svcg5-L5YCHPzLR0DdCewVseCeRzd9DyDzJSQ","slug":"spain-is-having-its-largest-wildfire-year-in-well-over-a-decade","publishedAt":"2025-09-03T04:00:00.000Z","content":{"body":[{"size":"narrow","type":"image","filename":"spain-record-wildfires-2025.png","hasOutline":true,"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://gwis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/","children":[{"text":"Global Wildfire Information System","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" (GWIS) has published weekly data on the area burned by wildfires since 2012. At the beginning of August, Spain was on track for a relatively low year. Its running total for 2025 was below the average and far below former records.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"But just two weeks later, it had overtaken all of these previous years. You can see this in the chart, which shows the cumulative wildfire burn across each year. Large outbreaks in mid-August meant the last record, set in 2022, was rapidly surpassed.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"This global dataset from GWIS only dates back to 2012, so it is a relatively short record. However, the ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://forest-fire.emergency.copernicus.eu/","children":[{"text":"European Forest Fire Information System","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":", based on data starting in 2006, also found that this year’s fires were the highest in two decades in Spain.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cumulative-area-burnt-by-wildfires-by-week?country=~PRT","children":[{"text":"Portugal","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" has also seen extremely large fires this year.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Note that consistent data is unavailable over longer periods, so it’s hard to give context to the scale of these fires compared to the more distant past.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/wildfires","children":[{"text":"See how large wildfires in your country have been compared to previous years","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" →","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"refs":{"errors":[],"definitions":{}},"type":"data-insight","title":"Spain is having its largest wildfire year in well over a decade","authors":["Hannah Ritchie","Veronika Samborska"],"figma-url":"https://www.figma.com/design/l8AusQOZfgaxJ0wVcMrTry/Charts--2025-?node-id=14315-5&p=f&t=ar3LfGLmfuZWD5po-0","approved-by":"Ed","grapher-url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cumulative-area-burnt-by-wildfires-by-week?tab=chart&facet=entity&uniformYAxis=0&country=~ESP","narrative-chart":"spain-record-wildfires-2025"}}]}</script><script>
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From left to right: Science, Nature, PNAS, BBC, Financial Times, The New York Times, The Guardian, The Atlantic, and The Washington Post" width="230" height="75" loading="lazy"/></section><section class="grid grid-cols-9 span-cols-9 col-start-5 span-md-cols-12 col-md-start-2 homepage-intro__right-section"><h2 class="span-cols-9 span-md-cols-12 h5-black-caps homepage-intro__featured-work-heading">Featured work</h2><div class="grid grid-cols-9 span-cols-9 span-md-cols-12 homepage-intro__featured-work-container"><div class="homepage-intro__primary-tiles span-cols-6"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/corruption" class="homepage-intro__featured-tile"><div class="image"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/c538968e-f863-47f0-07cb-90a6019ba900/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/c538968e-f863-47f0-07cb-90a6019ba900/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/c538968e-f863-47f0-07cb-90a6019ba900/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/c538968e-f863-47f0-07cb-90a6019ba900/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/c538968e-f863-47f0-07cb-90a6019ba900/w=1200 1200w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 640px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/c538968e-f863-47f0-07cb-90a6019ba900/w=1200" alt="A dark blue background with a lighter blue world map superimposed over it. Yellow text that says Corruption by Our World in Data" loading="lazy" width="1200" height="630"/></picture></div><span class="h6-black-caps homepage-intro__featured-work-kicker"><span class="homepage-intro__new-tag">New</span>Revised &amp; updated</span><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-title">Corruption</p><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-description">How does corruption vary around the world? Is corruption becoming more or less common? What should you know when using data on corruption?</p><p class="body-3-medium-italic homepage-intro__featured-work-authors">Bastian Herre, Veronika Samborska, and Esteban Ortiz-Ospina</p></a></div><div class="homepage-intro__secondary-tiles span-cols-3 col-start-7"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/hannah-ritchie-new-book" class="homepage-intro__featured-tile"><div class="image"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/27999dbd-d329-40fe-1284-0661acb16100/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/27999dbd-d329-40fe-1284-0661acb16100/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/27999dbd-d329-40fe-1284-0661acb16100/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/27999dbd-d329-40fe-1284-0661acb16100/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/27999dbd-d329-40fe-1284-0661acb16100/w=1200 1200w" type="image/png" sizes="350px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/27999dbd-d329-40fe-1284-0661acb16100/w=1200" alt="A featured image for the article announcing Hannah Ritchie&#x27;s upcoming book, Clearing the Air, to be released on September 18th 2025 in the UK." loading="lazy" width="1200" height="630"/></picture></div><span class="h6-black-caps homepage-intro__featured-work-kicker">Announcement</span><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-title">Hannah Ritchie’s new book on tackling climate change is out now</p><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-description">“Clearing the Air” is available now.</p><p class="body-3-medium-italic homepage-intro__featured-work-authors">Charlie Giattino and Hannah Ritchie</p></a><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/electric-car-sales" class="homepage-intro__featured-tile"><div class="image"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/c0afcd62-08bd-4899-8081-5850b823d500/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/c0afcd62-08bd-4899-8081-5850b823d500/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/c0afcd62-08bd-4899-8081-5850b823d500/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/c0afcd62-08bd-4899-8081-5850b823d500/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/c0afcd62-08bd-4899-8081-5850b823d500/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/c0afcd62-08bd-4899-8081-5850b823d500/w=5000 5000w" type="image/png" sizes="350px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/c0afcd62-08bd-4899-8081-5850b823d500/w=5000" alt="Thumbnail" loading="lazy" width="5000" height="2617"/></picture></div><span class="h6-black-caps homepage-intro__featured-work-kicker">From our classics</span><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-title">Tracking global data on electric vehicles</p><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-description">Explore data on electric car sales and stocks worldwide.</p><p class="body-3-medium-italic homepage-intro__featured-work-authors">Hannah Ritchie</p></a></div><div class="homepage-intro__tertiary-tiles span-cols-6 grid grid-cols-6"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database" class="homepage-intro__featured-tile span-cols-3 homepage-intro__featured-tile--missing-image"><span class="h6-black-caps homepage-intro__featured-work-kicker">Featured data</span><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-title">How does economic prosperity compare across countries?</p></a><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/britain-safest-roads-history" class="homepage-intro__featured-tile span-cols-3"><div class="image"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/9fdccbaa-9640-4113-6d2a-93ab2ce2fa00/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/9fdccbaa-9640-4113-6d2a-93ab2ce2fa00/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/9fdccbaa-9640-4113-6d2a-93ab2ce2fa00/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/9fdccbaa-9640-4113-6d2a-93ab2ce2fa00/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/9fdccbaa-9640-4113-6d2a-93ab2ce2fa00/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/9fdccbaa-9640-4113-6d2a-93ab2ce2fa00/w=2400 2400w" type="image/png" sizes="350px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/9fdccbaa-9640-4113-6d2a-93ab2ce2fa00/w=2400" alt="Featured image" loading="lazy" width="2400" height="1260"/></picture></div><span class="h6-black-caps homepage-intro__featured-work-kicker">Article · 16 min read</span><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-title">How Britain built some of the world’s safest roads</p><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-description">The death rate per mile driven has declined 22-fold since 1950.</p><p class="body-3-medium-italic homepage-intro__featured-work-authors">Hannah Ritchie</p></a></div><div class="span-cols-6 homepage-intro__see-all-work-button-container"><a href="/latest" class="owid-btn owid-btn--outline-vermillion body-3-medium homepage-intro__see-all-work-button"><span>See all our latest work</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right owid-btn--icon-right" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 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0l160-160z"></path></svg></a><div class="latest-data-insights span-cols-12 col-start-2"><div class="latest-data-insights__viewport"><div class="latest-data-insights__card-container"><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#most-recent-data-insight" aria-labelledby="latest-data-insights__card-title-0"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/6e1cabaf-a19d-4133-117c-018184b18800/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/6e1cabaf-a19d-4133-117c-018184b18800/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/6e1cabaf-a19d-4133-117c-018184b18800/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/6e1cabaf-a19d-4133-117c-018184b18800/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/6e1cabaf-a19d-4133-117c-018184b18800/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/6e1cabaf-a19d-4133-117c-018184b18800/w=1620 1620w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/6e1cabaf-a19d-4133-117c-018184b18800/w=1620" alt="A bar graph illustrates the growth of robotaxi usage in California over a two-year period, highlighting monthly passenger miles in paid driverless taxis. The y-axis ranges from 0 to 4 million miles, with annotations at each million-mile mark. The x-axis covers a timeline from August 2023 to May 2025. The bars increase steadily, showing an upward trend, particularly sharp growth after April 2024, reaching close to 4 million miles by May 2025. The title states that robotaxi usage has grown eightfold in just a year. 

Data sources are listed as the California Public Utilities Commission (2025). The image is licensed under CC BY." loading="lazy" width="1620" height="1620"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-calendar-day data-insight-dateline__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M128 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32l0 32 128 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32l0 32 48 0c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48l0 48L0 160l0-48C0 85.5 21.5 64 48 64l48 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32zM0 192l448 0 0 272c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48L48 512c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48L0 192zm80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16l0 96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16l96 0c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16l0-96c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16l-96 0z"></path></svg>Yesterday</p><h3 id="latest-data-insights__card-title-0" class="latest-data-insights__card-title">Californians now travel millions of miles each month in driverless taxis</h3><div class="latest-data-insights__card-body"><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>After only two years, California’s driverless taxis now transport passengers for more than four million miles per month. Although they still make up only a fraction of taxi trips in the state, they are expanding quickly.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>This chart shows the monthly distance traveled in driverless trips in California. It measures the total number of passenger-miles, summing up the distance traveled by all passengers.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>In August 2023, California regulators fully approved self-driving taxi services in San Francisco for companies Cruise and Waymo. However, Cruise stopped operating in late 2023 due to safety and regulatory issues, so the recent growth reflects only Waymo’s service.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Trips stayed under half a million miles per month until mid-2024. But since then, growth has taken off. Within a year, usage multiplied eightfold, climbing past four million miles by May 2025, the latest data available.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span><span>This is a new chart on Our World in Data — we will update it every quarter based on the latest reports</span></span><span> →</span></p></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-continue"><span class="body-3-medium-underlined">Continue reading</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="font-size:10px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#second-most-recent-data-insight" aria-labelledby="latest-data-insights__card-title-1"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/182e0710-abc1-4d0b-98da-16662f625000/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/182e0710-abc1-4d0b-98da-16662f625000/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/182e0710-abc1-4d0b-98da-16662f625000/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/182e0710-abc1-4d0b-98da-16662f625000/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/182e0710-abc1-4d0b-98da-16662f625000/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/182e0710-abc1-4d0b-98da-16662f625000/w=1620 1620w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/182e0710-abc1-4d0b-98da-16662f625000/w=1620" alt="A line graph displays the trend in fertilizer consumption in China from 1961 to 2022. The vertical axis represents the quantity of fertilizer consumed, ranging from 0 to 50 million tonnes, while the horizontal axis marks the years from 1961 to 2022. The line begins at a low point in the early 1960s and shows a steady increase, reaching its peak around 2014-2015, before declining slightly toward 2022. An annotation on the graph highlights the peak fertilizer use during that period. The graph is titled &quot;China&#x27;s fertilizer consumption peaked a decade ago,&quot; with a description noting that fertilizer consumption includes various nutrients added to farmland. The data sources cited at the bottom are the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and the graph is licensed under CC BY." loading="lazy" width="1620" height="1620"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-calendar-day data-insight-dateline__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M128 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32l0 32 128 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32l0 32 48 0c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48l0 48L0 160l0-48C0 85.5 21.5 64 48 64l48 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32zM0 192l448 0 0 272c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48L48 512c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48L0 192zm80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16l0 96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16l96 0c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16l0-96c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16l-96 0z"></path></svg>September 15</p><h3 id="latest-data-insights__card-title-1" class="latest-data-insights__card-title">China&#x27;s use of fertilizers peaked a decade ago</h3><div class="latest-data-insights__card-body"><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Since the 1960s, China’s population has </span><span><span>more than doubled</span></span><span>. Despite having more than twice as many mouths to feed, the amount of food it produces per person has </span><span><span>increased dramatically</span></span><span>.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Better seeds, irrigation, pest management, and improved farming techniques have all helped increase the country’s agricultural productivity. But the addition of nutrients through fertilizers has also made a huge difference. The chart shows the rapid uptake of fertilizers in China from the 1960s through the early 2000s.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>While fertilizers can play a crucial role in feeding more people </span><em><span>and</span></em><span> using less land, they also have negative environmental impacts. Excess nutrients </span><span><span>run off</span></span><span> into rivers and pollute coastlines, and fertilizers can emit </span><span><span>nitrogen oxide</span></span><span>, a powerful greenhouse gas. Using fertilizers more efficiently helps grow food while cutting pollution.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>China has made important progress on this in the last decade. As you can see in the chart, its fertilizer use peaked in 2014 and has fallen since then. At the same time, the country’s agricultural production has </span><span><span>continued to increase</span></span><span>.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>In 2015, China launched its “Zero-Growth Action Plan for Fertilizer”, and its government policies have played an essential role in this turnaround.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Subsidies previously made fertilizers very cheap in China, which encouraged farmers to overuse them. Cutting these subsidies </span><span><span>while offering incentives</span></span><span> for agricultural machinery, precision technologies, </span><span><span>farmer education</span></span><span>, and larger farms (which tend to use less fertilizer per hectare) has made China’s farming sector much more efficient.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span><span>Read more in my article “How effective are policies in reducing the environmental impacts of agriculture?”</span></span><span> →</span></p></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-continue"><span class="body-3-medium-underlined">Continue reading</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="font-size:10px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#third-most-recent-data-insight" aria-labelledby="latest-data-insights__card-title-2"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/0d7304ea-ba65-4e02-01a5-9ad1bcd41e00/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/0d7304ea-ba65-4e02-01a5-9ad1bcd41e00/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/0d7304ea-ba65-4e02-01a5-9ad1bcd41e00/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/0d7304ea-ba65-4e02-01a5-9ad1bcd41e00/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/0d7304ea-ba65-4e02-01a5-9ad1bcd41e00/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/0d7304ea-ba65-4e02-01a5-9ad1bcd41e00/w=1620 1620w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/0d7304ea-ba65-4e02-01a5-9ad1bcd41e00/w=1620" alt="A line graph titled &quot;A comparison of World Bank estimates of extreme poverty&quot; illustrates the global number of people living in extreme poverty. The x-axis represents the years from 1990 to 2024, while the y-axis indicates the number of people in billions, ranging from 0 to 2.5 billion. 

Two distinct lines are present: one in dark brown representing the previous estimates using a poverty line of $2.15 per day measured in 2017 prices, and another in blue for the latest estimates utilizing a new poverty line of $3 per day measured in 2021 prices. The brown line trends downward, starting around 2 billion in 1990 and reaching 692 million in 2024. The blue line, starting slightly higher at roughly 2.3 billion, shows a similar decline, reaching 817 million in 2024. The difference between the lines — 125 million — indicates the increase in the estimated number of people living in extreme poverty due to the new measurement criteria. 

The note at the bottom indicates that data has been adjusted for inflation and differences in living costs using international dollars from 2017 and 2021. The data source is cited as the World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform, and the graph includes a copyright notice for &quot;CC BY.&quot;" loading="lazy" width="1620" height="1620"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-calendar-day data-insight-dateline__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M128 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32l0 32 128 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32l0 32 48 0c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48l0 48L0 160l0-48C0 85.5 21.5 64 48 64l48 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32zM0 192l448 0 0 272c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48L48 512c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48L0 192zm80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16l0 96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16l96 0c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16l0-96c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16l-96 0z"></path></svg>September 12</p><h3 id="latest-data-insights__card-title-2" class="latest-data-insights__card-title">The latest World Bank data counts 125 million more people as living in extreme poverty — but the world has not gotten poorer</h3><div class="latest-data-insights__card-body"><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>To track progress towards ending extreme poverty, the United Nations relies on World Bank estimates of the number of people living below a poverty threshold called the “International Poverty Line” (IPL).</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>In June 2025, the World Bank announced a major change to this line, raising it significantly, from $2.15 to $3 per day. As a result, 125 million people who would not have been counted as extremely poor before June are now included.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>The increased IPL and the higher poverty estimates are due to a mix of overlapping changes, which we explained in </span><span><span>a recent article</span></span><span>.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Two things are particularly important to know.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>First, the higher estimates of extreme poverty reflect a higher poverty threshold, </span><strong><span>not</span></strong><strong><span> that the world is poorer.</span></strong><span> In fact, the latest data shows that incomes among the world’s poorest are actually </span><em><span>higher</span></em><span> than previously estimated.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Second,</span><strong><span> the overall message is the same</span></strong><span> whether we look at the new or previous estimates</span><strong><span>.</span></strong><span> Progress in recent decades has been enormous:</span><strong><span> </span></strong><span>well over a billion people have escaped extreme poverty since 1990. </span><strong><span>But this progress has now stalled.</span></strong><span> </span><span><span>Incomes are stagnant</span></span><span> in the places where most of the world’s poorest live. Unless this changes, hundreds of millions of people will be stuck in extreme poverty for years to come.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span><span>Read our complete explainer on the new International Poverty Line and World Bank poverty data</span></span><span> →</span></p></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-continue"><span class="body-3-medium-underlined">Continue reading</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="font-size:10px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#fourth-most-recent-data-insight" aria-labelledby="latest-data-insights__card-title-3"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/6f7bbda9-209e-4c5f-8c5d-e506c958c200/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/6f7bbda9-209e-4c5f-8c5d-e506c958c200/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/6f7bbda9-209e-4c5f-8c5d-e506c958c200/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/6f7bbda9-209e-4c5f-8c5d-e506c958c200/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/6f7bbda9-209e-4c5f-8c5d-e506c958c200/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/6f7bbda9-209e-4c5f-8c5d-e506c958c200/w=1620 1620w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/6f7bbda9-209e-4c5f-8c5d-e506c958c200/w=1620" alt="The image presents a line graph depicting global maternal mortality rates from 1985 to 2023. The y-axis represents the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births, ranging from 0 to 500, while the x-axis spans the years from 1985 to 2023. 

The graph shows a downward trend in maternal mortality rates, starting at approximately 460 in 1985 and declining steadily over the years. A notable increase is observed during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, but by 2023, the rate has decreased to about 197. This marks a 57% reduction compared to the rates in 1985. 

Annotations highlight key points, such as the spike during the pandemic and the significant decrease achieved by 2023. 

The data sources for this graph include the World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Children&#x27;s Fund (UNICEF), United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), World Bank Group, and the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) for the year 2025. There is a note stating that the estimates aim to adjust for underreporting and misclassification. The image is credited with a Creative Commons attribution." loading="lazy" width="1620" height="1620"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-c

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