OK
https://www.brookings.edu/
Websites
Runtime: 649ms
On August 11, 2025, 10:37 AM UTC, https://www.brookings.edu/ was accessible when tested on AS34779 in Slovenia.
Failures
HTTP Experiment
null
DNS Experiment
null
Control
null
DNS Queries
Resolver:
84.255.250.30
Query:
IN A www.brookings.edu
Engine:
system
Name
Class
TTL
Type
DATA
@
IN
A
172.66.159.22
@
IN
A
104.20.39.90
Query:
IN AAAA www.brookings.edu
Engine:
system
Name
Class
TTL
Type
DATA
@
IN
AAAA
2606:4700:10::6814:275a
@
IN
AAAA
2606:4700:10::ac42:9f16
TCP Connections
Connection to 104.20.39.90:443 succeeded.
Connection to 2606:4700:10::ac42:9f16:443 succeeded.
Connection to 2606:4700:10::6814:275a:443 succeeded.
Connection to 172.66.159.22:443 succeeded.
HTTP Requests
URL
GET https://www.brookings.edu/
Response Headers
Age:29Cache-Control:max-age=14400, must-revalidateCf-Cache-Status:HITCf-Ray:96d7193b7fe9cb7b-VIEContent-Type:text/html; charset=UTF-8Date:Mon, 11 Aug 2025 10:37:35 GMTHost-Header:a9130478a60e5f9135f765b23f26593bLast-Modified:Mon, 11 Aug 2025 10:37:06 GMTLink:<https://www.brookings.edu/wp-json/>; rel="https://api.w.org/"Server:cloudflareVary:Accept-Encoding, accept, content-typeX-Cache:HITX-Hacker:If you're reading this, you should visit https://join.a8c.com/viphacker and apply to join the fun, mention this header.X-Powered-By:WordPress VIP <https://wpvip.com>X-Rq:vie2 0 40 9980
Response Body
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w-full border-t border-skin-hr-primary mb-4"></span> <div class="featured-content-feed -layout-b"> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-12 gap-5 sm:divide-x divide-skin-hr-secondary divide-y gap-0 sm:gap-5"> <div class="left-col md:col-span-6 lg:col-span-7 xl:col-span-8 "> <div class="grid-element"> <article class="article article-home-one-half "> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/articles/growing-diverse-and-immigrant-populations-drove-the-nations-post-pandemic-demographic-rebound-new-census-data-show/" class="overlay-link" > <span class="sr-only">Growing diverse and immigrant populations drove the nation’s post-pandemic demographic rebound, new census data show</span> </a> <div class="img-wrapper"> <figure> <img class="" src="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/shutterstock_1426545083-e1753955333245.jpg?quality=75&w=1500" srcset="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/shutterstock_1426545083-e1753955333245.jpg 1776w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/shutterstock_1426545083-e1753955333245.jpg?resize=300,213 300w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/shutterstock_1426545083-e1753955333245.jpg?resize=768,545 768w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/shutterstock_1426545083-e1753955333245.jpg?resize=1024,726 1024w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/shutterstock_1426545083-e1753955333245.jpg?resize=1536,1090 1536w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/shutterstock_1426545083-e1753955333245.jpg?resize=100,71 100w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/shutterstock_1426545083-e1753955333245.jpg?resize=250,177 250w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/shutterstock_1426545083-e1753955333245.jpg?resize=500,355 500w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/shutterstock_1426545083-e1753955333245.jpg?resize=1000,709 1000w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/shutterstock_1426545083-e1753955333245.jpg?resize=1500,1064 1500w" sizes="1500px" alt="" /> </figure> </div> <div class="article-insert"> <span class="article-insert-details"> <span class="article-title "> Growing diverse and immigrant populations drove the nation’s post-pandemic demographic rebound, new census data show </span> <span class="meta"> <p class="byline"> William H. Frey </p> <p class="date"> July 31, 2025 </p> </span> </span> </div> </article> </div> </div> <div class="right-col md:col-span-6 lg:col-span-5 xl:col-span-4 flex flex-col gap-2 sm:gap-0"> <div class="grid-element"> <article class="article article-home-one-third "> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/articles/how-the-texas-gerrymandering-battle-could-impact-the-midterms/" class="overlay-link" > <span class="sr-only">How the Texas gerrymandering battle could impact the midterms</span> </a> <div class="img-wrapper"> <figure> <img class="" src="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/2025-07-15T115211Z_819914837_MT1SIPA000ZVJORX_RTRMADP_3_SIPA-USA-1-1.jpg?quality=75&w=500" srcset="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/2025-07-15T115211Z_819914837_MT1SIPA000ZVJORX_RTRMADP_3_SIPA-USA-1-1.jpg 1776w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/2025-07-15T115211Z_819914837_MT1SIPA000ZVJORX_RTRMADP_3_SIPA-USA-1-1.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/2025-07-15T115211Z_819914837_MT1SIPA000ZVJORX_RTRMADP_3_SIPA-USA-1-1.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/2025-07-15T115211Z_819914837_MT1SIPA000ZVJORX_RTRMADP_3_SIPA-USA-1-1.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/2025-07-15T115211Z_819914837_MT1SIPA000ZVJORX_RTRMADP_3_SIPA-USA-1-1.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/2025-07-15T115211Z_819914837_MT1SIPA000ZVJORX_RTRMADP_3_SIPA-USA-1-1.jpg?resize=100,67 100w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/2025-07-15T115211Z_819914837_MT1SIPA000ZVJORX_RTRMADP_3_SIPA-USA-1-1.jpg?resize=250,167 250w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/2025-07-15T115211Z_819914837_MT1SIPA000ZVJORX_RTRMADP_3_SIPA-USA-1-1.jpg?resize=500,333 500w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/2025-07-15T115211Z_819914837_MT1SIPA000ZVJORX_RTRMADP_3_SIPA-USA-1-1.jpg?resize=1000,667 1000w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/2025-07-15T115211Z_819914837_MT1SIPA000ZVJORX_RTRMADP_3_SIPA-USA-1-1.jpg?resize=1500,1000 1500w" sizes="500px" alt="UNITED STATES - JULY 15: From left, Reps. Jasmine Crockett, D-Texas, Greg Casar, D-Texas, and Al Green, D-Texas, attend a news conference with members of the Texas congressional delegation to discuss possible redistricting in the state at the Democratic National Committee offices on Tuesday, July 15, 2025. (Tom Williams/CQ Roll Call/Sipa USA)" /> </figure> </div> <div class="article-insert"> <span class="article-insert-details"> <span class="article-title "> How the Texas gerrymandering battle could impact the midterms </span> <span class="meta"> <p class="byline"> William A. Galston </p> <p class="date"> August 7, 2025 </p> </span> </span> </div> </article> </div> <div class="grid-element"> <article class="article article-home-one-third "> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/articles/taiwans-recall-vote-implications-for-taiwan-china-and-the-united-states/" class="overlay-link" > <span class="sr-only">Taiwan’s recall vote: Implications for Taiwan, China, and the United States</span> </a> <div class="img-wrapper"> <figure> <img class="" src="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/2025-07-26T123928Z_1552324981_MT1YOMIUR000KGL126_RTRMADP_3_TAIWAN-RECALL-VOTE.jpg?quality=75&w=500" srcset="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/2025-07-26T123928Z_1552324981_MT1YOMIUR000KGL126_RTRMADP_3_TAIWAN-RECALL-VOTE.jpg 1776w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/2025-07-26T123928Z_1552324981_MT1YOMIUR000KGL126_RTRMADP_3_TAIWAN-RECALL-VOTE.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/2025-07-26T123928Z_1552324981_MT1YOMIUR000KGL126_RTRMADP_3_TAIWAN-RECALL-VOTE.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/2025-07-26T123928Z_1552324981_MT1YOMIUR000KGL126_RTRMADP_3_TAIWAN-RECALL-VOTE.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/2025-07-26T123928Z_1552324981_MT1YOMIUR000KGL126_RTRMADP_3_TAIWAN-RECALL-VOTE.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/2025-07-26T123928Z_1552324981_MT1YOMIUR000KGL126_RTRMADP_3_TAIWAN-RECALL-VOTE.jpg?resize=100,67 100w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/2025-07-26T123928Z_1552324981_MT1YOMIUR000KGL126_RTRMADP_3_TAIWAN-RECALL-VOTE.jpg?resize=250,167 250w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/2025-07-26T123928Z_1552324981_MT1YOMIUR000KGL126_RTRMADP_3_TAIWAN-RECALL-VOTE.jpg?resize=500,333 500w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/2025-07-26T123928Z_1552324981_MT1YOMIUR000KGL126_RTRMADP_3_TAIWAN-RECALL-VOTE.jpg?resize=1000,667 1000w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/2025-07-26T123928Z_1552324981_MT1YOMIUR000KGL126_RTRMADP_3_TAIWAN-RECALL-VOTE.jpg?resize=1500,1000 1500w" sizes="500px" alt="Street signs calling for the recall of Fu Kai-ting (L), Lawmaker of the Taiwan Nationalist Party (TNP), who they say is close to China, are seen in Hualien, eastern Taiwan, July 26, 2025." /> </figure> </div> <div class="article-insert"> <span class="article-insert-details"> <span class="article-title "> Taiwan’s recall vote: Implications for Taiwan, China, and the United States </span> <span class="meta"> <p class="byline"> Richard C. Bush, Ryan Hass </p> <p class="date"> August 1, 2025 </p> </span> </span> </div> </article> </div> <div class="grid-element"> <article class="article article-home-one-third "> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-obbbas-tax-credit-scholarship-program-is-a-mess-that-might-be-worth-opting-into-anyway/" class="overlay-link" > <span class="sr-only">The OBBBA’s tax-credit scholarship program is a mess that might be worth opting into anyway</span> </a> <div class="img-wrapper"> <figure> <img class="" src="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/2023-07-16T225230Z_1128982971_MT1USATODAY21045478_RTRMADP_3_FIRST-GRADERS-RAISE-THEIR-HANDS-TO-ASK-QUESTIONS-WHILE-2-2.jpg?quality=75&w=500" srcset="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/2023-07-16T225230Z_1128982971_MT1USATODAY21045478_RTRMADP_3_FIRST-GRADERS-RAISE-THEIR-HANDS-TO-ASK-QUESTIONS-WHILE-2-2.jpg 1776w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/2023-07-16T225230Z_1128982971_MT1USATODAY21045478_RTRMADP_3_FIRST-GRADERS-RAISE-THEIR-HANDS-TO-ASK-QUESTIONS-WHILE-2-2.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/2023-07-16T225230Z_1128982971_MT1USATODAY21045478_RTRMADP_3_FIRST-GRADERS-RAISE-THEIR-HANDS-TO-ASK-QUESTIONS-WHILE-2-2.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/2023-07-16T225230Z_1128982971_MT1USATODAY21045478_RTRMADP_3_FIRST-GRADERS-RAISE-THEIR-HANDS-TO-ASK-QUESTIONS-WHILE-2-2.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/2023-07-16T225230Z_1128982971_MT1USATODAY21045478_RTRMADP_3_FIRST-GRADERS-RAISE-THEIR-HANDS-TO-ASK-QUESTIONS-WHILE-2-2.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/2023-07-16T225230Z_1128982971_MT1USATODAY21045478_RTRMADP_3_FIRST-GRADERS-RAISE-THEIR-HANDS-TO-ASK-QUESTIONS-WHILE-2-2.jpg?resize=100,67 100w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/2023-07-16T225230Z_1128982971_MT1USATODAY21045478_RTRMADP_3_FIRST-GRADERS-RAISE-THEIR-HANDS-TO-ASK-QUESTIONS-WHILE-2-2.jpg?resize=250,167 250w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/2023-07-16T225230Z_1128982971_MT1USATODAY21045478_RTRMADP_3_FIRST-GRADERS-RAISE-THEIR-HANDS-TO-ASK-QUESTIONS-WHILE-2-2.jpg?resize=500,333 500w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/2023-07-16T225230Z_1128982971_MT1USATODAY21045478_RTRMADP_3_FIRST-GRADERS-RAISE-THEIR-HANDS-TO-ASK-QUESTIONS-WHILE-2-2.jpg?resize=1000,667 1000w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/2023-07-16T225230Z_1128982971_MT1USATODAY21045478_RTRMADP_3_FIRST-GRADERS-RAISE-THEIR-HANDS-TO-ASK-QUESTIONS-WHILE-2-2.jpg?resize=1500,1000 1500w" sizes="500px" alt="First graders raise their hands to ask questions while learning about the water cycle at Essence Preparatory Public School in San Antonio in March." /> </figure> </div> <div class="article-insert"> <span class="article-insert-details"> <span class="article-title "> The OBBBA’s tax-credit scholarship program is a mess that might be worth opting into anyway </span> <span class="meta"> <p class="byline"> Jon Valant </p> <p class="date"> August 5, 2025 </p> </span> </span> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="byo-block -wide -wide w-screen about-home theme-dark-blue text-white px-outer py-5 lg:px-outer-lg" > <div class="block-wrapper"> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 xl:grid-cols-12 gap-10"> <div class="xl:col-span-3 xl:mt-4 xl:pt-4"> <h2 class="h2 mb-3">Advancing ideas that matter</h2> <h3>Brookings’ scholarly research educates the public and informs decisionmakers on complex policy challenges. </h3> <a href="/research-programs/" title="Learn about our programs" class="btn btn-orange mt-4">Learn about our programs</a> </div> <div class="xl:col-span-9"> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 sm:grid-cols-3 pt-10"> <div class="flex 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fill="none"> <path d="M7.51702 3.33203L12.667 7.9987L7.51702 12.6654L6.66699 11.617L10.6604 7.9987L6.66699 4.38043L7.51702 3.33203Z" fill="white"/> </svg> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="byo-block -wide theme-features pt-4 lg:pt-5" > <div class="block-wrapper"> <span class="line flex w-full border-t border-skin-hr-primary mb-3"></span> <div class="title"> <div class="max-w-[554px] md:mr-5"> <h2>China</h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="block-wrapper"> <div class="grid sm:grid-cols-2 gap-4 theme-4-stacked"> <article class="article article-feed "> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/articles/us-drug-supply-chain-exposure-to-china/" class="overlay-link" > <span class="sr-only">US drug supply chain exposure to China</span> </a> <div class="img-wrapper"> <figure> <img class="" src="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Shutterstock_2453357557.jpg?quality=75&w=500" srcset="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Shutterstock_2453357557.jpg 1776w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Shutterstock_2453357557.jpg?resize=300,193 300w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Shutterstock_2453357557.jpg?resize=768,495 768w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Shutterstock_2453357557.jpg?resize=1024,660 1024w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Shutterstock_2453357557.jpg?resize=1536,989 1536w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Shutterstock_2453357557.jpg?resize=100,64 100w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Shutterstock_2453357557.jpg?resize=250,161 250w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Shutterstock_2453357557.jpg?resize=500,322 500w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Shutterstock_2453357557.jpg?resize=1000,644 1000w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Shutterstock_2453357557.jpg?resize=1500,966 1500w" sizes="500px" alt="" /> </figure> </div> <div class="article-insert"> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/topics/pharmaceutical-drug-policy/" class="article-type">Pharmaceutical & Drug Policy</a> <span class="article-insert-details"> <span class="article-title "> US drug supply chain exposure to China </span> <span class="meta"> <p class="byline"> Marta E. Wosińska, Yihan Shi </p> <p class="date"> July 28, 2025 </p> </span> </span> </div> </article> <article class="article article-feed "> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/articles/us-tariffs-and-deflation-in-china/" class="overlay-link" > <span class="sr-only">US tariffs and deflation in China</span> </a> <div class="img-wrapper"> <figure> <img class="" src="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/dockworker-shipping-containers-qingdao-port-china.jpg?quality=75&w=500" srcset="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/dockworker-shipping-containers-qingdao-port-china.jpg 1907w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/dockworker-shipping-containers-qingdao-port-china.jpg?resize=300,189 300w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/dockworker-shipping-containers-qingdao-port-china.jpg?resize=768,483 768w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/dockworker-shipping-containers-qingdao-port-china.jpg?resize=1024,644 1024w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/dockworker-shipping-containers-qingdao-port-china.jpg?resize=1536,967 1536w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/dockworker-shipping-containers-qingdao-port-china.jpg?resize=100,63 100w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/dockworker-shipping-containers-qingdao-port-china.jpg?resize=250,157 250w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/dockworker-shipping-containers-qingdao-port-china.jpg?resize=500,315 500w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/dockworker-shipping-containers-qingdao-port-china.jpg?resize=1000,629 1000w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/dockworker-shipping-containers-qingdao-port-china.jpg?resize=1500,944 1500w" sizes="500px" alt="A worker walks past a stack of shipping containers" /> </figure> </div> <div class="article-insert"> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/topics/global-inequality/" class="article-type">Global Economy & Development</a> <span class="article-insert-details"> <span class="article-title "> US tariffs and deflation in China </span> <span class="meta"> <p class="byline"> Robin Brooks </p> <p class="date"> July 24, 2025 </p> </span> </span> </div> </article> <article class="article article-feed "> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/articles/beijing-bolsters-its-position-in-the-indo-pacific-with-little-us-pushback/" class="overlay-link" > <span class="sr-only">Beijing bolsters its position in the Indo-Pacific with little US pushback</span> </a> <div class="img-wrapper"> <figure> <img class="" src="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2025-04-01T122017Z_1125498525_RC2ZODA0POSW_RTRMADP_3_CHINA-TAIWAN-MILITARY.jpg?quality=75&w=500" srcset="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2025-04-01T122017Z_1125498525_RC2ZODA0POSW_RTRMADP_3_CHINA-TAIWAN-MILITARY.jpg 1776w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2025-04-01T122017Z_1125498525_RC2ZODA0POSW_RTRMADP_3_CHINA-TAIWAN-MILITARY.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2025-04-01T122017Z_1125498525_RC2ZODA0POSW_RTRMADP_3_CHINA-TAIWAN-MILITARY.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2025-04-01T122017Z_1125498525_RC2ZODA0POSW_RTRMADP_3_CHINA-TAIWAN-MILITARY.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2025-04-01T122017Z_1125498525_RC2ZODA0POSW_RTRMADP_3_CHINA-TAIWAN-MILITARY.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2025-04-01T122017Z_1125498525_RC2ZODA0POSW_RTRMADP_3_CHINA-TAIWAN-MILITARY.jpg?resize=100,67 100w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2025-04-01T122017Z_1125498525_RC2ZODA0POSW_RTRMADP_3_CHINA-TAIWAN-MILITARY.jpg?resize=250,167 250w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2025-04-01T122017Z_1125498525_RC2ZODA0POSW_RTRMADP_3_CHINA-TAIWAN-MILITARY.jpg?resize=500,333 500w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2025-04-01T122017Z_1125498525_RC2ZODA0POSW_RTRMADP_3_CHINA-TAIWAN-MILITARY.jpg?resize=1000,667 1000w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2025-04-01T122017Z_1125498525_RC2ZODA0POSW_RTRMADP_3_CHINA-TAIWAN-MILITARY.jpg?resize=1500,1000 1500w" sizes="500px" alt="A Chinese navy vessel is seen on a giant screen showing news footage about joint army, navy, air and rocket forces drills around Taiwan by the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), outside a shopping mall in Beijing, China, April 1, 2025." /> </figure> </div> <div class="article-insert"> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/regions/asia-the-pacific/china/" class="article-type">China</a> <span class="article-insert-details"> <span class="article-title "> Beijing bolsters its position in the Indo-Pacific with little US pushback </span> <span class="meta"> <p class="byline"> Jonathan A. Czin, Allie Matthias </p> <p class="date"> July 29, 2025 </p> </span> </span> </div> </article> <article class="article article-feed "> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/articles/why-should-america-negotiate-with-china/" class="overlay-link" > <span class="sr-only">Why should America negotiate with China?</span> </a> <div class="img-wrapper"> <figure> <img class="" src="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/2025-05-14T093102Z_814857604_RC2VEEAK4BW7_RTRMADP_3_USA-TRUMP-TARIFFS-CHINA.jpg?quality=75&w=500" srcset="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/2025-05-14T093102Z_814857604_RC2VEEAK4BW7_RTRMADP_3_USA-TRUMP-TARIFFS-CHINA.jpg 1776w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/2025-05-14T093102Z_814857604_RC2VEEAK4BW7_RTRMADP_3_USA-TRUMP-TARIFFS-CHINA.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/2025-05-14T093102Z_814857604_RC2VEEAK4BW7_RTRMADP_3_USA-TRUMP-TARIFFS-CHINA.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/2025-05-14T093102Z_814857604_RC2VEEAK4BW7_RTRMADP_3_USA-TRUMP-TARIFFS-CHINA.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/2025-05-14T093102Z_814857604_RC2VEEAK4BW7_RTRMADP_3_USA-TRUMP-TARIFFS-CHINA.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/2025-05-14T093102Z_814857604_RC2VEEAK4BW7_RTRMADP_3_USA-TRUMP-TARIFFS-CHINA.jpg?resize=100,67 100w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/2025-05-14T093102Z_814857604_RC2VEEAK4BW7_RTRMADP_3_USA-TRUMP-TARIFFS-CHINA.jpg?resize=250,167 250w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/2025-05-14T093102Z_814857604_RC2VEEAK4BW7_RTRMADP_3_USA-TRUMP-TARIFFS-CHINA.jpg?resize=500,333 500w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/2025-05-14T093102Z_814857604_RC2VEEAK4BW7_RTRMADP_3_USA-TRUMP-TARIFFS-CHINA.jpg?resize=1000,667 1000w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/2025-05-14T093102Z_814857604_RC2VEEAK4BW7_RTRMADP_3_USA-TRUMP-TARIFFS-CHINA.jpg?resize=1500,1000 1500w" sizes="500px" alt="The American and Chinese flags are photographed on the negotiating table, during a bilateral meeting between the United States and China, in Geneva, Switzerland, May 10, 2025." /> </figure> </div> <div class="article-insert"> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/regions/asia-the-pacific/china/" class="article-type">China</a> <span class="article-insert-details"> <span class="article-title "> Why should America negotiate with China? </span> <span class="meta"> <p class="byline"> Ryan Hass </p> <p class="date"> June 4, 2025 </p> </span> </span> </div> </article> </div> </div> <div class="block-wrapper flex flex-col items-center mt-5"> <a href="/regions/asia-the-pacific/china/" title="See more on China" class="btn w-full sm:w-auto">See more on China</a> </div> </div> <div class="byo-block -wide theme-features pt-4 lg:pt-5" > <div class="block-wrapper"> <span class="line flex w-full border-t border-skin-hr-primary mb-3"></span> <div class="title"> <div class="max-w-[554px] md:mr-5"> <h2>Trade & Tariffs</h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="block-wrapper"> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-4 lg:grid gap-4 one-major-two-minor"> <article class="article article-mobile-one-third "> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/articles/increase-pressure-or-silently-acquiesce/" class="overlay-link" > <span class="sr-only">Increase pressure or silently acquiesce</span> </a> <div class="img-wrapper"> <figure> <img class="" src="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/BarbedWire_RussianFlag.jpg?quality=75&w=500" srcset="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/BarbedWire_RussianFlag.jpg 1776w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/BarbedWire_RussianFlag.jpg?resize=300,193 300w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/BarbedWire_RussianFlag.jpg?resize=768,495 768w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/BarbedWire_RussianFlag.jpg?resize=1024,660 1024w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/BarbedWire_RussianFlag.jpg?resize=1536,989 1536w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/BarbedWire_RussianFlag.jpg?resize=100,64 100w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/BarbedWire_RussianFlag.jpg?resize=250,161 250w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/BarbedWire_RussianFlag.jpg?resize=500,322 500w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/BarbedWire_RussianFlag.jpg?resize=1000,644 1000w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/BarbedWire_RussianFlag.jpg?resize=1500,966 1500w" sizes="500px" alt="Building with Russian flag behind a barbed wire fence." /> </figure> </div> <div class="article-insert"> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/topics/global-trade/" class="article-type">Global Trade</a> <span class="article-insert-details"> <span class="article-title "> Increase pressure or silently acquiesce </span> <span class="meta"> <p class="byline"> Robin Brooks, Ben Harris, Liam Marshall </p> <p class="date"> June 5, 2025 </p> </span> </span> </div> </article> <article class="article sm:col-span-2 article-mobile-one-third large_title "> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/articles/tracking-trumps-tariffs-and-other-trade-actions/" class="overlay-link" > <span class="sr-only">Tracking Trump’s tariffs and other trade actions</span> </a> <div class="img-wrapper"> <figure> <img class="" src="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/daily-telegraph-trump-tariffs-news-story.jpg?quality=75&w=1500" srcset="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/daily-telegraph-trump-tariffs-news-story.jpg 1800w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/daily-telegraph-trump-tariffs-news-story.jpg?resize=300,225 300w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/daily-telegraph-trump-tariffs-news-story.jpg?resize=768,576 768w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/daily-telegraph-trump-tariffs-news-story.jpg?resize=1024,768 1024w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/daily-telegraph-trump-tariffs-news-story.jpg?resize=1536,1152 1536w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/daily-telegraph-trump-tariffs-news-story.jpg?resize=100,75 100w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/daily-telegraph-trump-tariffs-news-story.jpg?resize=250,188 250w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/daily-telegraph-trump-tariffs-news-story.jpg?resize=500,375 500w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/daily-telegraph-trump-tariffs-news-story.jpg?resize=1000,750 1000w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/daily-telegraph-trump-tariffs-news-story.jpg?resize=1500,1125 1500w" sizes="1500px" alt="A photo of front page of The Daily Telegraph newspaper with headline "Trump unleashes tariffs." Shutterstock/Steve Travelguide" /> </figure> </div> <div class="article-insert"> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/topics/u-s-trade-policy/" class="article-type">U.S. Trade Policy</a> <span class="article-insert-details"> <span class="article-title "> Tracking Trump’s tariffs and other trade actions </span> <span class="meta"> <p class="byline"> Joshua P. Meltzer, Dozie Ezi-Ashi </p> <p class="date"> May 29, 2025 </p> </span> </span> </div> </article> <article class="article article-mobile-one-third "> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/articles/worrying-signs-for-the-us-dollar/" class="overlay-link" > <span class="sr-only">Worrying signs for the US dollar</span> </a> <div class="img-wrapper"> <figure> <img class="" src="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/100-dollar-bill-graph-negative-trend.jpg?quality=75&w=500" srcset="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/100-dollar-bill-graph-negative-trend.jpg 2002w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/100-dollar-bill-graph-negative-trend.jpg?resize=300,180 300w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/100-dollar-bill-graph-negative-trend.jpg?resize=768,460 768w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/100-dollar-bill-graph-negative-trend.jpg?resize=1024,614 1024w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/100-dollar-bill-graph-negative-trend.jpg?resize=1536,921 1536w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/100-dollar-bill-graph-negative-trend.jpg?resize=100,60 100w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/100-dollar-bill-graph-negative-trend.jpg?resize=250,150 250w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/100-dollar-bill-graph-negative-trend.jpg?resize=500,300 500w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/100-dollar-bill-graph-negative-trend.jpg?resize=1000,599 1000w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/100-dollar-bill-graph-negative-trend.jpg?resize=1500,899 1500w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/100-dollar-bill-graph-negative-trend.jpg?resize=2000,1199 2000w" sizes="500px" alt="A graph showing a negative trend superimposed over a $100 bill" /> </figure> </div> <div class="article-insert"> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/topics/global-inequality/" class="article-type">Global Economy & Development</a> <span class="article-insert-details"> <span class="article-title "> Worrying signs for the US dollar </span> <span class="meta"> <p class="byline"> Robin Brooks </p> <p class="date"> July 3, 2025 </p> </span> </span> </div> </article> </div> </div> <div class="block-wrapper flex flex-col items-center mt-5"> <a href="/tags/tariffs/" title="See more on Trade & Tariffs" class="btn w-full sm:w-auto">See more on Trade & Tariffs</a> </div> </div> <div class="byo-block -wide newsletter-podcast-promo mt-4 lg:mt-5" > <div class="grid-6-6 wrapper"> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-12 gap-5 gap-y-6 lg:gap-y-0 items-start"> <div class="left-col md:col-span-6 bg-light-gray"> <form id="home-newsletter-subscribe" class="subscribe-form subscribe-component brookings-newsletter-subscribe"> <div class="grid md:grid-cols-4"> <div class="xl:col-span-2 lg:col-span-4 md:col-span-2 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md:grid-cols-4"> <div class="xl:col-span-2 lg:col-span-4 md:col-span-2 promo-content flex flex-col justify-between"> <div> <h2 class="h1">Brookings Podcast Network</h2> <p class="mt-3 text-base">Listen to the best in public policy audio content.</p> </div> <a href="/podcasts/" target="" class="small block pt-3 border-t border-skin-hr-secondary pt-2 mt-5 font-bold text-link">See all podcasts</a> </div> <div class="xl:col-span-2 lg:col-span-4 md:col-span-2 promo-image"> <span class="rounded-full mt-4">New Episodes Available</span> <img src="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Frame-3715.png?quality=75" alt="A group of cover illustrations for various podcasts." /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="byo-block -wide theme-features pt-4 lg:pt-5" > <div class="block-wrapper"> <span class="line flex w-full border-t border-skin-hr-primary mb-3"></span> <div class="title"> <div class="max-w-[554px] md:mr-5"> <h2>Artificial Intelligence</h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="block-wrapper"> <div class="grid sm:grid-cols-2 gap-4 theme-4-stacked"> <article class="article article-feed "> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/articles/mapping-the-ai-economy-which-regions-are-ready-for-the-next-technology-leap/" class="overlay-link" > <span class="sr-only">Mapping the AI economy: Which regions are ready for the next technology leap</span> </a> <div class="img-wrapper"> <figure> <img class="" src="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/AI-Cover-4-e1752596642356.jpg?quality=75&w=500" srcset="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/AI-Cover-4-e1752596642356.jpg 1468w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/AI-Cover-4-e1752596642356.jpg?resize=300,206 300w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/AI-Cover-4-e1752596642356.jpg?resize=768,528 768w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/AI-Cover-4-e1752596642356.jpg?resize=1024,705 1024w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/AI-Cover-4-e1752596642356.jpg?resize=100,69 100w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/AI-Cover-4-e1752596642356.jpg?resize=250,172 250w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/AI-Cover-4-e1752596642356.jpg?resize=500,344 500w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/AI-Cover-4-e1752596642356.jpg?resize=1000,688 1000w" sizes="500px" alt="" /> </figure> </div> <div class="article-insert"> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/topics/artificial-intelligence/" class="article-type">Artificial Intelligence</a> <span class="article-insert-details"> <span class="article-title "> Mapping the AI economy: Which regions are ready for the next technology leap </span> <span class="meta"> <p class="byline"> Mark Muro, Shriya Methkupally </p> <p class="date"> July 16, 2025 </p> </span> </span> </div> </article> <article class="article article-feed "> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/articles/as-energy-demands-for-ai-increase-so-should-company-transparency/" class="overlay-link" > <span class="sr-only">As energy demands for AI increase, so should company transparency</span> </a> <div class="img-wrapper"> <figure> <img class="" src="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-03-19T103847Z_1081787533_RC2XEDAT64AK_RTRMADP_3_USA-POWER-DATA-CENTERS-1.jpg?quality=75&w=500" srcset="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-03-19T103847Z_1081787533_RC2XEDAT64AK_RTRMADP_3_USA-POWER-DATA-CENTERS-1.jpg 1776w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-03-19T103847Z_1081787533_RC2XEDAT64AK_RTRMADP_3_USA-POWER-DATA-CENTERS-1.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-03-19T103847Z_1081787533_RC2XEDAT64AK_RTRMADP_3_USA-POWER-DATA-CENTERS-1.jpg?resize=768,511 768w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-03-19T103847Z_1081787533_RC2XEDAT64AK_RTRMADP_3_USA-POWER-DATA-CENTERS-1.jpg?resize=1024,682 1024w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-03-19T103847Z_1081787533_RC2XEDAT64AK_RTRMADP_3_USA-POWER-DATA-CENTERS-1.jpg?resize=1536,1022 1536w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-03-19T103847Z_1081787533_RC2XEDAT64AK_RTRMADP_3_USA-POWER-DATA-CENTERS-1.jpg?resize=100,67 100w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-03-19T103847Z_1081787533_RC2XEDAT64AK_RTRMADP_3_USA-POWER-DATA-CENTERS-1.jpg?resize=250,166 250w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-03-19T103847Z_1081787533_RC2XEDAT64AK_RTRMADP_3_USA-POWER-DATA-CENTERS-1.jpg?resize=500,333 500w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-03-19T103847Z_1081787533_RC2XEDAT64AK_RTRMADP_3_USA-POWER-DATA-CENTERS-1.jpg?resize=1000,666 1000w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-03-19T103847Z_1081787533_RC2XEDAT64AK_RTRMADP_3_USA-POWER-DATA-CENTERS-1.jpg?resize=1500,998 1500w" sizes="500px" alt="Cars are parked in front of Digital Reality Data Center buildings in Ashburn, Virginia, U.S., March 17, 2025." /> </figure> </div> <div class="article-insert"> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/topics/climate-energy/" class="article-type">Climate & Energy</a> <span class="article-insert-details"> <span class="article-title "> As energy demands for AI increase, so should company transparency </span> <span class="meta"> <p class="byline"> Josie Stewart, Brooke Tanner, Nicol Turner Lee </p> <p class="date"> July 14, 2025 </p> </span> </span> </div> </article> <article class="article article-feed "> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/articles/ways-to-help-workers-suffering-from-ai-related-job-losses/" class="overlay-link" > <span class="sr-only">Ways to help workers suffering from AI-related job losses</span> </a> <div class="img-wrapper"> <figure> <img class="" src="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/data-lab-dialogue_hanna-barakat_cambridge-diversity-fund_4447x6400.jpg?quality=75&w=500" srcset="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/data-lab-dialogue_hanna-barakat_cambridge-diversity-fund_4447x6400.jpg 1776w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/data-lab-dialogue_hanna-barakat_cambridge-diversity-fund_4447x6400.jpg?resize=300,193 300w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/data-lab-dialogue_hanna-barakat_cambridge-diversity-fund_4447x6400.jpg?resize=768,495 768w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/data-lab-dialogue_hanna-barakat_cambridge-diversity-fund_4447x6400.jpg?resize=1024,660 1024w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/data-lab-dialogue_hanna-barakat_cambridge-diversity-fund_4447x6400.jpg?resize=1536,990 1536w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/data-lab-dialogue_hanna-barakat_cambridge-diversity-fund_4447x6400.jpg?resize=100,64 100w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/data-lab-dialogue_hanna-barakat_cambridge-diversity-fund_4447x6400.jpg?resize=250,161 250w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/data-lab-dialogue_hanna-barakat_cambridge-diversity-fund_4447x6400.jpg?resize=500,322 500w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/data-lab-dialogue_hanna-barakat_cambridge-diversity-fund_4447x6400.jpg?resize=1000,645 1000w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/data-lab-dialogue_hanna-barakat_cambridge-diversity-fund_4447x6400.jpg?resize=1500,967 1500w" sizes="500px" alt="A computer lab with three rows of four desks, each occupied by students working at computers. Overlaying the computer lab are red lines connecting through nodes, symbolizing the flow of communication, data exchange, and interconnected networks." /> </figure> </div> <div class="article-insert"> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/topics/labor-policy-unemployment/" class="article-type">Labor & Unemployment</a> <span class="article-insert-details"> <span class="article-title "> Ways to help workers suffering from AI-related job losses </span> <span class="meta"> <p class="byline"> Darrell M. West </p> <p class="date"> July 16, 2025 </p> </span> </span> </div> </article> <article class="article article-feed "> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/articles/what-happens-when-ai-chatbots-replace-real-human-connection/" class="overlay-link" > <span class="sr-only">What happens when AI chatbots replace real human connection</span> </a> <div class="img-wrapper"> <figure> <img class="" src="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/ai-connection.jpg?quality=75&w=500" srcset="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/ai-connection.jpg 2000w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/ai-connection.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/ai-connection.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/ai-connection.jpg?resize=1024,682 1024w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/ai-connection.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/ai-connection.jpg?resize=100,67 100w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/ai-connection.jpg?resize=250,167 250w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/ai-connection.jpg?resize=500,333 500w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/ai-connection.jpg?resize=1000,667 1000w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/ai-connection.jpg?resize=1500,1000 1500w" sizes="500px" alt="" /> </figure> </div> <div class="article-insert"> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/topics/artificial-intelligence/" class="article-type">Artificial Intelligence</a> <span class="article-insert-details"> <span class="article-title "> What happens when AI chatbots replace real human connection </span> <span class="meta"> <p class="byline"> Isabelle Hau, Rebecca Winthrop </p> <p class="date"> July 2, 2025 </p> </span> </span> </div> </article> </div> </div> <div class="block-wrapper flex flex-col items-center mt-5"> <a href="/topics/artificial-intelligence/" title="See more on Artificial Intelligence" class="btn w-full sm:w-auto">See more on Artificial Intelligence</a> </div> </div> <div class="byo-block -wide theme-features pt-4 lg:pt-5" > <div class="block-wrapper"> <span class="line flex w-full border-t border-skin-hr-primary mb-3"></span> <div class="title"> <div class="max-w-[554px] md:mr-5"> <h2>Migration & Immigration</h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="block-wrapper"> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 sm:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-4 gap-4"> <article class="article article-mobile-one-third "> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/articles/managing-migration-under-pressure/" class="overlay-link" > <span class="sr-only">Managing migration under pressure</span> </a> <div class="img-wrapper"> <figure> <img class="" src="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pressure-valve-us.jpg?quality=75&w=500" srcset="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pressure-valve-us.jpg 1801w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pressure-valve-us.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pressure-valve-us.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pressure-valve-us.jpg?resize=1024,682 1024w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pressure-valve-us.jpg?resize=1536,1023 1536w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pressure-valve-us.jpg?resize=100,67 100w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pressure-valve-us.jpg?resize=250,167 250w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pressure-valve-us.jpg?resize=500,333 500w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pressure-valve-us.jpg?resize=1000,666 1000w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pressure-valve-us.jpg?resize=1500,999 1500w" sizes="500px" alt="Illustration of a pressure valve incorporating imagery of the U.S. flag" /> </figure> </div> <div class="article-insert"> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/topics/immigration-5/" class="article-type">Immigrants & Immigration</a> <span class="article-insert-details"> <span class="article-title "> Managing migration under pressure </span> <span class="meta"> <p class="byline"> Marcela Escobari, Alex Brockwehl </p> <p class="date"> July 28, 2025 </p> </span> </span> </div> </article> <article class="article article-mobile-one-third "> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/articles/americans-are-changing-their-minds-about-trumps-immigration-policies/" class="overlay-link" > <span class="sr-only">Americans are changing their minds about Trump’s immigration policies</span> </a> <div class="img-wrapper"> <figure> <img class="" src="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2025-07-01T175803Z_1867572317_MT1ZUMA000H6042Z_RTRMADP_3_ZUMA-1.jpg?quality=75&w=500" srcset="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2025-07-01T175803Z_1867572317_MT1ZUMA000H6042Z_RTRMADP_3_ZUMA-1.jpg 1776w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2025-07-01T175803Z_1867572317_MT1ZUMA000H6042Z_RTRMADP_3_ZUMA-1.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2025-07-01T175803Z_1867572317_MT1ZUMA000H6042Z_RTRMADP_3_ZUMA-1.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2025-07-01T175803Z_1867572317_MT1ZUMA000H6042Z_RTRMADP_3_ZUMA-1.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2025-07-01T175803Z_1867572317_MT1ZUMA000H6042Z_RTRMADP_3_ZUMA-1.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2025-07-01T175803Z_1867572317_MT1ZUMA000H6042Z_RTRMADP_3_ZUMA-1.jpg?resize=100,67 100w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2025-07-01T175803Z_1867572317_MT1ZUMA000H6042Z_RTRMADP_3_ZUMA-1.jpg?resize=250,167 250w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2025-07-01T175803Z_1867572317_MT1ZUMA000H6042Z_RTRMADP_3_ZUMA-1.jpg?resize=500,333 500w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2025-07-01T175803Z_1867572317_MT1ZUMA000H6042Z_RTRMADP_3_ZUMA-1.jpg?resize=1000,667 1000w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2025-07-01T175803Z_1867572317_MT1ZUMA000H6042Z_RTRMADP_3_ZUMA-1.jpg?resize=1500,1000 1500w" sizes="500px" alt="July 1, 2025, Ochopee, Florida, USA: President DONALD TRUMP, left, with Secretary of Homeland Security KRISTI NOEM and others, participates in a walking tour of the immigration detention center nicknamed “Alligator Alcatraz” Tuesday. (Credit Image: © Daniel Torok/White House/ZUMA Press Wire)" /> </figure> </div> <div class="article-insert"> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/topics/immigration-5/" class="article-type">Immigrants & Immigration</a> <span class="article-insert-details"> <span class="article-title "> Americans are changing their minds about Trump’s immigration policies </span> <span class="meta"> <p class="byline"> William A. Galston </p> <p class="date"> July 29, 2025 </p> </span> </span> </div> </article> <article class="article article-mobile-one-third "> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/articles/tracking-work-permit-applications-among-eligible-immigrants/" class="overlay-link" > <span class="sr-only">Tracking work permit applications among eligible immigrants</span> </a> <div class="img-wrapper"> <figure> <img class="" src="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250313_THP_WorkPermits_shutterstock_766296448.png?quality=75&w=500" srcset="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250313_THP_WorkPermits_shutterstock_766296448.png 1768w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250313_THP_WorkPermits_shutterstock_766296448.png?resize=300,193 300w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250313_THP_WorkPermits_shutterstock_766296448.png?resize=768,495 768w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250313_THP_WorkPermits_shutterstock_766296448.png?resize=1024,660 1024w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250313_THP_WorkPermits_shutterstock_766296448.png?resize=1536,990 1536w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250313_THP_WorkPermits_shutterstock_766296448.png?resize=100,64 100w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250313_THP_WorkPermits_shutterstock_766296448.png?resize=250,161 250w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250313_THP_WorkPermits_shutterstock_766296448.png?resize=500,322 500w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250313_THP_WorkPermits_shutterstock_766296448.png?resize=1000,645 1000w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250313_THP_WorkPermits_shutterstock_766296448.png?resize=1500,967 1500w" sizes="500px" alt="A construction worker on a roof representing work permits" /> </figure> </div> <div class="article-insert"> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/topics/immigration-5/" class="article-type">Immigrants & Immigration</a> <span class="article-insert-details"> <span class="article-title "> Tracking work permit applications among eligible immigrants </span> <span class="meta"> <p class="date"> July 22, 2025 </p> </span> </span> </div> </article> <article class="article article-mobile-one-third "> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/articles/recent-immigration-brought-a-population-rebound-to-americas-major-metro-areas-new-census-data-show/" class="overlay-link" > <span class="sr-only">Recent immigration brought a population rebound to America’s major metro areas, new census data show</span> </a> <div class="img-wrapper"> <figure> <img class="" src="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/downton-boston-ma-shopping-zone.jpg?quality=75&w=500" srcset="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/downton-boston-ma-shopping-zone.jpg 1776w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/downton-boston-ma-shopping-zone.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/downton-boston-ma-shopping-zone.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/downton-boston-ma-shopping-zone.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/downton-boston-ma-shopping-zone.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/downton-boston-ma-shopping-zone.jpg?resize=100,67 100w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/downton-boston-ma-shopping-zone.jpg?resize=250,167 250w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/downton-boston-ma-shopping-zone.jpg?resize=500,333 500w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/downton-boston-ma-shopping-zone.jpg?resize=1000,667 1000w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/downton-boston-ma-shopping-zone.jpg?resize=1500,1000 1500w" sizes="500px" alt="Boston, Massachusetts, USA - July 11, 2019: View of streets and buildings of Downtown Crossing, a pedestrian shopping zone in downtown Boston." /> </figure> </div> <div class="article-insert"> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/topics/demographics-population/" class="article-type">Demographics & Population</a> <span class="article-insert-details"> <span class="article-title "> Recent immigration brought a population rebound to America’s major metro areas, new census data show </span> <span class="meta"> <p class="byline"> William H. Frey </p> <p class="date"> April 10, 2025 </p> </span> </span> </div> </article> </div> </div> <div class="block-wrapper flex flex-col items-center mt-5"> <a href="/topics/immigration-5/" title="See more on Migration & Immigration" class="btn w-full sm:w-auto">See more on Migration & Immigration</a> </div> </div> <div class="byo-block -wide w-screen home-upcoming-events !mb-0" > <div class="home-events-block home-upcoming-events-block mt-5"> <div class="block-wrapper theme-brookings-blue relative overflow-hidden px-outer"> <div class="event-heading text-center py-5 lg:py-7 gap-4 flex flex-col max-w-full w-md items-center relative z-[3]"> <h2 class="w-full text-left"> Upcoming Events </h2> </div> <div class="image-background img-wrapper absolute bottom-0 left-0 w-full pt"> <figure class="relative min-h-[420px] w-full overflow-hidden"> <img class="relative w-full h-auto min-h-[420px] object-cover" src="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/RalphAlswang_0026.jpg?quality=75&w=1500" srcset="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/RalphAlswang_0026.jpg 2738w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/RalphAlswang_0026.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/RalphAlswang_0026.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/RalphAlswang_0026.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/RalphAlswang_0026.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/RalphAlswang_0026.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/RalphAlswang_0026.jpg?resize=100,67 100w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/RalphAlswang_0026.jpg?resize=250,167 250w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/RalphAlswang_0026.jpg?resize=500,333 500w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/RalphAlswang_0026.jpg?resize=1000,667 1000w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/RalphAlswang_0026.jpg?resize=1500,1000 1500w, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/RalphAlswang_0026.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w" sizes="1500px" alt="" style="object-position: 43.66% 19.93%;" /> <div class="absolute bottom-0 left-0 w-full h-full object-cover gradient-overlay bg-gradient-to-t from-overlay-blue-2 to-brookings-blue"></div> </figure> </div> <div class="grid-4-4-4 wrapper"> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 sm:grid-cols-12 gap-5 md:gap-0 border-t border-skin-hr-secondary relative"> <div class="grid-element col-span-1 sm:col-span-6 lg:col-span-4 border-skin-hr-secondary"> <article class="article event article-one-third "> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/events/what-does-well-being-mean-for-black-men-and-boys-in-the-us/" class="overlay-link"> <span class="sr-only">What does well-being mean for Black men and boys in the US?</span> </a> <div class="img-wrapper"> <figure> <div class="calendar-square theme-white"> <div class="overlay"></div> <div class="calendar-wrapper"> <div class="calendar-label"> <span class="label-small"> Upcoming Event </span> </div> <div class="event-date"> <span class="month">August</span> <span class="day">20</span> <p class="year">2025</p> </div> </div> </div> </figure> </div> <div class="article-insert"> <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/topics/mental-health-and-well-being/" class="article-type">Mental Health & Well-Being</a> <span class="article-insert-details"> <span class="article-title group-hover:text-link-underline-hovered"> What does well-being mean for Black men and boys in the US? 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